755 ILCS 45/ Illinois Power of Attorney Act.

(755 ILCS 45/Art. I heading) ARTICLE I - SHORT TITLE.

(755 ILCS 45/1-1) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 801-1)

Sec. 1-1. This Act shall be known and may be cited as the "Illinois Power of Attorney Act".

(Source: P.A. 85-701.)

(755 ILCS 45/Art. II heading) ARTICLE II - DURABLE POWERS OF ATTORNEY.

(755 ILCS 45/2-1) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 802-1)

Sec. 2-1. Purpose. The General Assembly recognizes that each individual has the right to appoint an agent to make property, financial, personal, and health care decisions for the individual but that this right cannot be fully effective unless the principal may empower the agent to act throughout the principal's lifetime, including during periods of disability, and have confidence that third parties will honor the agent's authority at all times.

The General Assembly finds that in the light of modern financial needs and advances in medical science, the statutory recognition of this right of delegation in Illinois needs to be restated, which will, among other things, expand the application and the permissible scope of the agent's authority, clarify the power of the individual to authorize an agent to make financial and care decisions for the individual and better protect health care personnel and other third parties who rely in good faith on the agent so that reliance will be assured. Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to authorize or encourage euthanasia, suicide or any action or course of action that violates the criminal law of this State or the United States. Similarly, nothing in this Act shall be deemed to authorize or encourage any violation of a civil right expressed in the Constitution, statutes, case law and administrative rulings of this State (including, without limitation, the right of conscience respected and protected by the Health Care Right of Conscience Act, as now or hereafter amended) or the United States or any action or course of action that violates the public policy expressed in the Constitution, statutes, case law and administrative rulings of this State or the United States.

(Source: P.A. 96-1195, eff. 7-1-11.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-2) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 802-2)

Sec. 2-2. Short Title. This Article shall be known and may be cited as the "Durable Power of Attorney Law".

(Source: P.A. 85-701.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-3) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 802-3)

Sec. 2-3. Definitions. As used in this Act:

(a) "Agency" means the written power of attorney or other instrument of agency governing the relationship between the principal and agent or the relationship, itself, as appropriate to the context, and includes agencies dealing with personal or health care as well as property. An agency is subject to this Act to the extent it may be controlled by the principal, excluding agencies and powers for the benefit of the agent.

(b) "Agent" means the attorney-in-fact or other person designated to act for the principal in the agency.

(c) "Person with a disability" has the same meaning as in the "Probate Act of 1975", as now or hereafter amended. To be under a "disability" means to be a person with a disability.

(c-5) "Incapacitated", when used to describe a principal, means that the principal is under a legal disability as defined in Section 11a-2 of the Probate Act of 1975. A principal shall also be considered incapacitated if: (i) a physician licensed to practice medicine in all of its branches has examined the principal and has determined that the principal lacks decision making capacity; (ii) that physician has made a written record of this determination and has signed the written record within 90 days after the examination; and (iii) the written record has been delivered to the agent. The agent may rely conclusively on the written record.

(d) "Person" means an individual, corporation, trust, partnership or other entity, as appropriate to the agency.

(e) "Principal" means an individual (including, without limitation, an individual acting as trustee, representative or other fiduciary) who signs a power of attorney or other instrument of agency granting powers to an agent.

(Source: P.A. 99-143, eff. 7-27-15.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-4) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 802-4)

Sec. 2-4. Applicability.

(a) The principal may specify in the agency the event or time when the agency will begin and terminate, the mode of revocation or amendment and the rights, powers, duties, limitations, immunities and other terms applicable to the agent and to all persons dealing with the agent, and the provisions of the agency will control notwithstanding this Act, except that every health care agency must comply with Section 4-5 of this Act.

(b) From and after the effective date of this Act: (1) this Act governs every agency, whenever and wherever executed, and all acts of the agent to the extent the provisions of this Act are not inconsistent with the agency; and (2) this Act applies to all agencies exercised in Illinois and to all other agencies if the principal is a resident of Illinois at the time the agency is signed or at the time of exercise or if the agency indicates that Illinois law is to apply. Providing forms of statutory property and health care powers in Articles III and IV does not limit the applicability of this Act, it being intended that every agency, including, without limitation, the statutory property and health care power agencies, shall have the benefit of and be governed by Article II, by Sections 4-1 through 4-9 and Section 4-11 of Article IV, and by all other general provisions of this Act, except to the extent the terms of the agency are inconsistent with this Act.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) and (b), this Act shall not apply to an agreement or contract described in any of items (1) through (8) of this subsection under which a financial institution, defined as a (i) bank, trust company, savings bank, savings and loan, or credit union holding a federal charter or a charter from any of the states that is subject to regulation by the Illinois Secretary of Financial and Professional Regulation or (ii) broker-dealer registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, is named as an agent for any person, provided that the agreement or contract does not include in its terms a durable power of attorney that survives the incapacity of the principal:

(1) a proxy or other delegation to exercise voting rights or management rights with respect to a corporation, partnership (general or limited), limited liability company, condominium, commercial entity, or association;

(2) an agreement or contract given to a financial institution to facilitate a specific transfer or disposition of one or more identified stocks, bonds, or assets, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible;

(3) an agreement or directive authorizing a financial institution to prepare, execute, deliver, submit, or file a document or instrument with a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or other third party;

(4) an agreement or contract authorizing a financial institution or an officer of a financial institution to take a specific action or actions in relation to an account in which the financial institution (i) holds cash, securities, commodities, or other financial assets on behalf of the principal or (ii) acts as an investment manager with a third party serving as the custodian of such cash, securities, commodities, or other financial assets on behalf of the principal;

(5) an agreement or contract authorizing a financial institution to take specific actions with respect to collateral in connection with a loan or other secured credit transaction other than a mortgage;

(6) an agreement or contract given to a financial institution by an individual who is, or is seeking to become, a director, officer, stockholder, employee, partner (general or limited), member, unit owner, equity owner, trustee, manager, or agent of a corporation, a partnership (general or limited), a limited liability company, a condominium, a legal or commercial entity, or an association, in that individual's capacity as such, including an agreement or directive contained in a subscription agreement;

(7) an authorization contained in a certificate of incorporation, bylaws, general or limited partnership agreement, limited liability company agreement, declaration of trust, declaration of condominium, condominium offering plan, or other agreement or instrument governing the internal affairs of an entity or association authorizing a director, officer, shareholder, employee, partner (general or limited), member, unit owner, equity owner, trustee, manager, or other person to take lawful actions relating to such entity or association; or

(8) an agreement authorizing the acceptance of the service of process on behalf of the person executing the agreement.

(d) An agreement or contract described in subsection (c) is not a "nonstatutory property power" subject to subsection (b) of Section 3-3. This subsection (d) is declarative of existing law and is applicable to all agreements or contracts whenever executed.

(Source: P.A. 97-868, eff. 7-30-12.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-5) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 802-5)

Sec. 2-5. Duration of agency - amendment and revocation. Unless the agency states an earlier termination date, the agency continues until the death of the principal, notwithstanding any lapse of time, the principal's disability or incapacity or appointment of a guardian for the principal after the agency is signed. Every agency may be amended or revoked by the principal, if the principal has the capacity to do so, at any time and in any manner communicated to the agent or to any other person related to the subject matter of the agency, except that revocation and amendment of health care agencies are governed by Section 4-6 of this Act except to the extent the terms of the agencies are inconsistent with that Section. The execution of a power of attorney does not revoke a power of attorney previously executed by the principal unless the subsequent power of attorney provides that the previous power of attorney is revoked or that all other powers of attorney are revoked.

(Source: P.A. 96-1195, eff. 7-1-11.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-6) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 802-6)

Sec. 2-6. Effect of disability-divorce.

(a) All acts of the agent within the scope of the agency during any period of disability, incapacity or incompetency of the principal have the same effect and inure to the benefit of and bind the principal and his or her successors in interest as if the principal were competent and not a person with a disability.

(b) If a court enters a judgement of dissolution of marriage or legal separation between the principal and his or her spouse after the agency is signed, the spouse shall be deemed to have died at the time of the judgment for all purposes of the agency.

(Source: P.A. 99-143, eff. 7-27-15.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-7) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 802-7)

Sec. 2-7. Duty - standard of care - record-keeping - exoneration.

(a) The agent shall be under no duty to exercise the powers granted by the agency or to assume control of or responsibility for any of the principal's property, care or affairs, regardless of the principal's physical or mental condition. Whenever a power is exercised, the agent shall act in good faith for the benefit of the principal using due care, competence, and diligence in accordance with the terms of the agency and shall be liable for negligent exercise. An agent who acts with due care for the benefit of the principal shall not be liable or limited merely because the agent also benefits from the act, has individual or conflicting interests in relation to the property, care or affairs of the principal or acts in a different manner with respect to the agency and the agent's individual interests. The agent shall not be affected by any amendment or termination of the agency until the agent has actual knowledge thereof. The agent shall not be liable for any loss due to error of judgment nor for the act or default of any other person.

(b) An agent that has accepted appointment must act in accordance with the principal's expectations to the extent actually known to the agent and otherwise in the principal's best interests.

(c) An agent shall keep a record of all receipts, disbursements, and significant actions taken under the authority of the agency and shall provide a copy of this record when requested to do so by:

(1) the principal, a guardian, another fiduciary acting on behalf of the principal, and, after the death of the principal, the personal representative or successors in interest of the principal's estate;

(2) a representative of a provider agency, as defined in Section 2 of the Adult Protective Services Act, acting in the course of an assessment of a complaint of elder abuse or neglect under that Act;

(3) a representative of the Office of the State Long Term Care Ombudsman, acting in the course of an investigation of a complaint of financial exploitation of a nursing home resident under Section 4.04 of the Illinois Act on the Aging;

(4) a representative of the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Human Services, acting in the course of an assessment of a complaint of financial exploitation of an adult with disabilities pursuant to Section 35 of the Abuse of Adults with Disabilities Intervention Act;

(5) a court under Section 2-10 of this Act; or

(6) a representative of the Office of State Guardian or public guardian for the county in which the principal resides acting in the course of investigating whether to file a petition for guardianship of the principal under Section 11a-4 or 11a-8 of the Probate Act of 1975.

(d) If the agent fails to provide his or her record of all receipts, disbursements, and significant actions within 21 days after a request under subsection (c), the adult abuse provider agency, the State Guardian, the public guardian, or a representative of the Office of the State Long Term Care Ombudsman may petition the court for an order requiring the agent to produce his or her record of receipts, disbursements, and significant actions. If the court finds that the agent's failure to provide his or her record in a timely manner to the adult abuse provider agency, the State Guardian, the public guardian, or a representative of the Office of the State Long Term Care Ombudsman was without good cause, the court may assess reasonable costs and attorney's fees against the agent, and order such other relief as is appropriate.

(e) An agent is not required to disclose receipts, disbursements, or other significant actions conducted on behalf of the principal except as otherwise provided in the power of attorney or as required under subsection (c).

(f) An agent that violates this Act is liable to the principal or the principal's successors in interest for the amount required (i) to restore the value of the principal's property to what it would have been had the violation not occurred, and (ii) to reimburse the principal or the principal's successors in interest for the attorney's fees and costs paid on the agent's behalf. This subsection does not limit any other applicable legal or equitable remedies.

(Source: P.A. 100-952, eff. 1-1-19.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-7.5)

Sec. 2-7.5. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 94-850, eff. 6-13-06. Repealed by P.A. 96-1195, eff. 7-1-11.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-8) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 802-8)

(Text of Section before amendment by P.A. 103-994)

Sec. 2-8. Reliance on document purporting to establish an agency.

(a) Any person who acts in good faith reliance on a copy of a document purporting to establish an agency will be fully protected and released to the same extent as though the reliant had dealt directly with the named principal as a fully-competent person. The named agent shall furnish an affidavit or Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority to the reliant on demand stating that the instrument relied on is a true copy of the agency and that, to the best of the named agent's knowledge, the named principal is alive and the relevant powers of the named agent have not been altered or terminated; but good faith reliance on a document purporting to establish an agency will protect the reliant without the affidavit or Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority.

(b) Upon request, the named agent in a power of attorney shall furnish an Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority to the reliant in substantially the following form:

AGENT'S CERTIFICATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF AUTHORITY

I, .......... (insert name of agent), certify that the attached is a true copy of a power of attorney naming the undersigned as agent or successor agent for ............. (insert name of principal).

I certify that to the best of my knowledge the principal had the capacity to execute the power of attorney, is alive, and has not revoked the power of attorney; that my powers as agent have not been altered or terminated; and that the power of attorney remains in full force and effect.

I accept appointment as agent under this power of attorney.

This certification and acceptance is made under penalty of perjury.*

Dated: ................................... (Agent's Signature) ....................... (Print Agent's Name) ....................... (Agent's Address) *(NOTE: Perjury is defined in Section 32-2 of the Criminal Code of 2012, and is a Class 3 felony.)

(c) Any person dealing with an agent named in a copy of a document purporting to establish an agency may presume, in the absence of actual knowledge to the contrary, that the document purporting to establish the agency was validly executed, that the agency was validly established, that the named principal was competent at the time of execution, and that, at the time of reliance, the named principal is alive, the agency was validly established and has not terminated or been amended, the relevant powers of the named agent were properly and validly granted and have not terminated or been amended, and the acts of the named agent conform to the standards of this Act. No person relying on a copy of a document purporting to establish an agency shall be required to see to the application of any property delivered to or controlled by the named agent or to question the authority of the named agent.

(d) Each person to whom a direction by the named agent in accordance with the terms of the copy of the document purporting to establish an agency is communicated shall comply with that direction, and any person who fails to comply arbitrarily or without reasonable cause shall be subject to civil liability for any damages resulting from noncompliance. A health care provider who complies with Section 4-7 shall not be deemed to have acted arbitrarily or without reasonable cause.

(Source: P.A. 96-1195, eff. 7-1-11; 97-1150, eff. 1-25-13.)

(Text of Section after amendment by P.A. 103-994)

Sec. 2-8. Reliance on document purporting to establish an agency.

(a) Any person who acts in good faith reliance on a copy of a document purporting to establish an agency will be fully protected and released to the same extent as though the reliant had dealt directly with the named principal as a fully-competent person. The named agent shall furnish an affidavit or Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority to the reliant on demand stating that the instrument relied on is a true copy of the agency and that, to the best of the named agent's knowledge, the named principal is alive and the relevant powers of the named agent have not been altered or terminated; but good faith reliance on a document purporting to establish an agency will protect the reliant without the affidavit or Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority.

(b) Upon request, the named agent in a power of attorney shall furnish an Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority to the reliant in substantially the following form:

AGENT'S CERTIFICATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF AUTHORITY

I, .......... (insert name of agent), certify that the attached is a true copy of a power of attorney naming the undersigned as agent or successor agent for ............. (insert name of principal).

I certify that to the best of my knowledge the principal had the capacity to execute the power of attorney, is alive, and has not revoked the power of attorney; that my powers as agent have not been altered or terminated; and that the power of attorney remains in full force and effect.

I accept appointment as agent under this power of attorney.

This certification and acceptance is made under penalty of perjury.*

Dated: ................................... (Agent's Signature) ....................... (Print Agent's Name) ....................... (Agent's Address) *(NOTE: Perjury is defined in Section 32-2 of the Criminal Code of 2012, and is a Class 3 felony.)

(c) Any person dealing with an agent named in a copy of a document purporting to establish an agency may presume, in the absence of actual knowledge to the contrary, that the document purporting to establish the agency was validly executed, that the agency was validly established, that the named principal was competent at the time of execution, and that, at the time of reliance, the named principal is alive, the agency was validly established and has not terminated or been amended, the relevant powers of the named agent were properly and validly granted and have not terminated or been amended, and the acts of the named agent conform to the standards of this Act. No person relying on a copy of a document purporting to establish an agency shall be required to see to the application of any property delivered to or controlled by the named agent or to question the authority of the named agent.

(d) Each person to whom a direction by the named agent in accordance with the terms of the copy of the document purporting to establish an agency is communicated shall comply with that direction, and any person who fails to comply arbitrarily or without reasonable cause shall be subject to civil liability for any damages resulting from noncompliance. A health care provider who complies with Section 4-7 shall not be deemed to have acted arbitrarily or without reasonable cause.

(e) Unreasonable cause to refuse to honor. It shall be deemed unreasonable for a third party to refuse to honor an Illinois statutory short form power of attorney for property properly executed in accordance with the laws in effect at the time of its execution, if the only reason for the refusal is any of or more than one of the following: (1) the power of attorney is not on a form the third party receiving such power prescribes, regardless of any form the terms of any account agreement between the principal and third party requires; (2) there has been a lapse of time since the execution of the power of attorney; (3) on the face of the statutory short form power of attorney, there is a lapse of time between the date of acknowledgment of the signature of the principal and the date of the acceptance by the agent; (4) the document provided does not bear an original signature, original witness, or original notarization but is accompanied by a properly executed Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority, Successor Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority, or Co-Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority bearing the original signature of the named agent; or (5) the document appoints an entity as the agent. Nothing in this Section shall be interpreted as prohibiting or limiting a third party from requiring the named agent to furnish a properly executed Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority, Successor Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority, or Co-Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority under this Act.

(f) Reasonable cause to refuse to honor. Reasons for which it shall be deemed reasonable cause for a third party to refuse to honor a power of attorney for property include, but are not limited to, the following:

(1) the refusal by the agent to provide an affidavit or properly executed Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority, Successor Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority, or Co-Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority;

(2) the refusal by the agent to provide a copy of the original document that is certified to be valid by an attorney, a court order, or governmental entity;

(3) the person's good faith referral of the principal and the agent or a person acting for or with the agent to the local adult protective services unit;

(4) actual knowledge or a reasonable basis for believing in the existence of a report having been made by any person to the local adult protective services unit alleging physical or financial abuse, neglect, exploitation, or abandonment of the principal by the agent or a person acting for the agent;

(5) actual knowledge of the principal's death or a reasonable basis for believing the principal has died;

(6) actual knowledge of the incapacity of the principal or a reasonable basis for believing the principal is incapacitated if the power of attorney tendered is a nondurable power of attorney;

(7) actual knowledge or a reasonable basis for believing that the principal was incapacitated at the time the power of attorney was executed;

(8) actual knowledge or a reasonable basis for believing: (A) the power of attorney was procured through fraud, duress, or undue influence, or (B) the agent is engaged in fraud or abuse of the principal;

(9) actual notice of the termination or revocation of the power of attorney or a reasonable basis for believing that the power of attorney has been terminated or revoked;

(10) the refusal by a title insurance company to underwrite title insurance for a gift of real property made pursuant to a statutory short form power of attorney that does not contain express instructions or purposes of the principal with respect to gifts in paragraph 3 of the statutory short form power of attorney;

(11) the refusal of the principal's attorney to provide a certificate that the power of attorney is valid;

(12) a missing or incorrect signature, an invalid notarization, or an unacceptable power of attorney identification;

(13) the third party: (A) has filed a suspicious activity report as described by 31 U.S.C. 5318(g) with respect to the principal or agent; (B) believes in good faith that the principal or agent has a prior criminal history involving financial crimes; or (C) has had a previous, unsatisfactory business relationship with the agent due to or resulting in material loss to the third party, financial mismanagement by the agent, or litigation between the third party and the agent alleging substantial damages; or

(14) the third party has reasonable cause to suspect the abuse, abandonment, neglect, or financial exploitation of the principal, if the principal is an eligible adult under the Adult Protective Services Act.

(Source: P.A. 103-994, eff. 1-1-25.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-9) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 802-9)

Sec. 2-9. Preservation of estate plan and trusts. In exercising powers granted under the agency, including powers of amendment or revocation and powers to expend or withdraw property passing by trust, contract or beneficiary designation at the principal's death (such as, without limitation, specifically bequeathed property, joint accounts, life insurance, trusts and retirement plans), the agent shall take the principal's estate plan into account insofar as it is known to the agent and shall attempt to preserve the plan, but the agent shall not be liable to any plan beneficiary under this Section unless the agent acts in bad faith. An agent may not revoke or amend a trust revocable or amendable by the principal or require the trustee of any trust for the benefit of the principal to pay income or principal to the agent without specific authority and specific reference to the trust in the agency. The agent shall have access to and the right to copy (but not to hold) the principal's will, trusts and other personal papers and records to the extent the agent deems relevant for purposes of this Section. This Section shall not apply to any Totten Trust, Payable on Death Account, or comparable trust account arrangement where the terms of such trust are contained entirely on the financial institution's signature card insofar as an agent acting under a power of attorney executed in accordance with this Act shall be permitted to withdraw income or principal from such account if the power of attorney grants the agent authority to conduct financial institution transactions on the principal's behalf and the agent's authority to access such account is not expressly limited or withheld in the agency.

(Source: P.A. 94-938, eff. 1-1-07.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-10) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 802-10)

Sec. 2-10. Agency-court relationship.

(a) Upon petition by any interested person, notice to the agent, principal, and interested persons as the court directs and a finding by the court that the principal lacks either the capacity to control or the capacity to revoke the agency, the court may construe a power of attorney, review the agent's conduct, and grant appropriate relief including compensatory damages.

(b) If the court finds that the agent is not acting for the benefit of the principal in accordance with the terms of the agency or that the agent's action or inaction, including restricting or not allowing an interested person to have reasonable visitation with the principal, has caused or threatens substantial harm to the principal's person or property in a manner not authorized or intended by the principal, the court may order a guardian of the principal's person or estate to exercise any powers of the principal under the agency, including the power to revoke the agency, or may enter such other orders without appointment of a guardian as the court deems necessary to provide for the best interests of the principal.

(c) If the court finds that the agency requires interpretation, the court may construe the agency and instruct the agent, but the court may not amend the agency.

(d) If the court finds that the agent has not acted for the benefit of the principal in accordance with the terms of the agency and the Illinois Power of Attorney Act, or that the agent's action caused or threatened substantial harm to the principal's person or property in a manner not authorized or intended by the principal, then the agent shall not be authorized to pay or be reimbursed from the estate of the principal the attorneys' fees and costs of the agent in defending a proceeding brought pursuant to this Section.

(e) Upon a finding that the agent's action has caused substantial harm to the principal's person or property, the court may assess against the agent reasonable costs and attorney's fees to a prevailing party who is a provider agency as defined in Section 2 of the Adult Protective Services Act, a representative of the Office of the State Long Term Care Ombudsman, the State Guardian, a public guardian, or a governmental agency having regulatory authority to protect the welfare of the principal.

(f) As used in this Section, the term "interested person" includes (1) the principal or the agent; (2) a guardian of the person, guardian of the estate, or other fiduciary charged with management of the principal's property; (3) the principal's spouse, parent, or descendant; (4) a person who would be a presumptive heir-at-law of the principal; (5) a person named as a beneficiary to receive any property, benefit, or contractual right upon the principal's death, or as a beneficiary of a trust created by or for the principal; (6) a provider agency as defined in Section 2 of the Adult Protective Services Act, a representative of the Office of the State Long Term Care Ombudsman, the State Guardian, a public guardian, or a governmental agency having regulatory authority to protect the welfare of the principal; and (7) the principal's caregiver or another person who demonstrates sufficient interest in the principal's welfare.

(g) Absent court order directing a guardian to exercise powers of the principal under the agency, a guardian will have no power, duty or liability with respect to any property subject to the agency or any personal or health care matters covered by the agency. If an agent seeks guardianship of the principal pursuant to the Probate Act of 1975, the petition for guardianship must delineate the specific powers to be granted to the guardian that are not already included in the power of attorney. The petition for temporary, limited, or plenary guardianship of the principal under the Probate Act of 1975 may include a prayer for relief to suspend a power of attorney or to revoke a power of attorney in accordance with subsection (b).

(h) Proceedings under this Section shall be commenced in the county where the guardian was appointed or, if no Illinois guardian is acting, then in the county where the agent or principal resides or where the principal owns real property.

(i) This Section shall not be construed to limit any other remedies available.

(Source: P.A. 102-72, eff. 1-1-22; 103-55, eff. 1-1-24.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-10.3)

Sec. 2-10.3. Successor agents.

(a) A principal may designate one or more successor agents to act if an initial or predecessor agent resigns, dies, becomes incapacitated, is not qualified to serve, or declines to serve. A principal may grant authority to another person, designated by name, by office, or by function, including an initial or successor agent, to designate one or more successor agents. Unless a power of attorney otherwise provides, a successor agent has the same authority as that granted to an initial agent.

(b) An agent is not liable for the actions of another agent, including a predecessor agent, unless the agent participates in or conceals a breach of fiduciary duty committed by the other agent. An agent who has knowledge of a breach or imminent breach of fiduciary duty by another agent must notify the principal and, if the principal is incapacitated, take whatever actions may be reasonably appropriate in the circumstances to safeguard the principal's best interest.

(c) Any person who acts in good faith reliance on the representation of a successor agent regarding the unavailability of a predecessor agent will be fully protected and released to the same extent as though the reliant had dealt directly with the predecessor agent. Upon request, the successor agent shall furnish an affidavit or Successor Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority to the reliant, but good faith reliance on a document purporting to establish an agency will protect the reliant without the affidavit or Successor Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority. A Successor Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority shall be in substantially the following form:

SUCCESSOR AGENT'S CERTIFICATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF AUTHORITY

I certify that the attached is a true copy of a power of attorney naming the undersigned as agent or successor agent for .......... (insert name of principal).

I certify that to the best of my knowledge the principal had the capacity to execute the power of attorney, is alive, and has not revoked the power of attorney; that my powers as agent have not been altered or terminated; and that the power of attorney remains in full force and effect.

I certify that to the best of my knowledge .......... (insert name of unavailable agent) is unavailable due to ................. (specify death, resignation, absence, illness, or other temporary incapacity).

I accept appointment as agent under this power of attorney.

This certification and acceptance is made under penalty of perjury.*

Dated: ................................... (Agent's Signature) ....................... (Print Agent's Name) ....................... (Agent's Address) *(NOTE: Perjury is defined in Section 32-2 of the Criminal Code of 2012, and is a Class 3 felony.)

(Source: P.A. 96-1195, eff. 7-1-11; 97-1150, eff. 1-25-13.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-10.5)

Sec. 2-10.5. Co-agents.

(a) Co-agents may not be named by a principal in a statutory short form power of attorney for property under Article III or a statutory short form power of attorney for health care under Article IV. In the event that co-agents are named in any other form of power of attorney, then the provisions of this Section shall govern the use and acceptance of co-agency designations.

(b) Unless the power of attorney or this Section otherwise provides, authority granted to 2 or more co-agents is exercisable only by their majority consent. However, if prompt action is required to accomplish the purposes of the power of attorney or to avoid irreparable injury to the principal's interests and an agent is unavailable because of absence, illness, or other temporary incapacity, the other agent or agents may act for the principal. If a vacancy occurs in one or more of the designations of agent under a power of attorney, the remaining agent or agents may act for the principal.

(c) An agent is not liable for the actions of another agent, including a co-agent or predecessor agent, unless the agent participates in or conceals a breach of fiduciary duty committed by the other agent. An agent who has knowledge of a breach or imminent breach of fiduciary duty by another agent must notify the principal and, if the principal is incapacitated, take whatever actions may be reasonably appropriate in the circumstances to safeguard the principal's best interest.

(d) Any person who acts in good faith reliance on the representation of a co-agent regarding the unavailability of a predecessor agent or one or more co-agents, or the need for prompt action to accomplish the purposes of the power of attorney or to avoid irreparable injury to the principal's interests, will be fully protected and released to the same extent as though the reliant had dealt directly with all named agents. Upon request, the co-agent shall furnish an affidavit or Co-Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority to the reliant, but good faith reliance on a document purporting to establish an agency will protect the reliant without the affidavit or Co-Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority. A Co-Agent's Certification and Acceptance of Authority shall be in substantially the following form:

CO-AGENT'S CERTIFICATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF AUTHORITY

I certify that the attached is a true copy of a power of attorney naming the undersigned as agent or co-agent for .......... (insert name of principal).

I certify that to the best of my knowledge the principal had the capacity to execute the power of attorney, is alive, and has not revoked the power of attorney; that my powers as agent have not been altered or terminated; and that the power of attorney remains in full force and effect.

I certify that to the best of my knowledge .......... (insert name of unavailable agent) is unavailable due to ................. (specify death, resignation, absence, illness, or other temporary incapacity).

I certify that prompt action is required to accomplish the purposes of the power of attorney or to avoid irreparable injury to the principal's interests.

I accept appointment as agent under this power of attorney.

This certification and acceptance is made under penalty of perjury.*

Dated: ................................... (Agent's Signature) ....................... (Print Agent's Name) ....................... (Agent's Address) *(NOTE: Perjury is defined in Section 32-2 of the Criminal Code of 2012, and is a Class 3 felony.)

(Source: P.A. 96-1195, eff. 7-1-11; 97-1150, eff. 1-25-13.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-10.6)

Sec. 2-10.6. Power of attorney executed in another state or country; pre-existing powers of attorney.

(a) A power of attorney executed in another state or country is valid and enforceable in this State if its creation complied when executed with:

(1) the law of the state or country in which the power of attorney was executed;

(2) the law of this State;

(3) the law of the state or country where the principal is domiciled, has a place of abode or business, or is a national; or

(4) the law of the state or country where the agent is domiciled or has a place of business.

(b) A power of attorney executed in this State before the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly is valid and enforceable in this State if its creation complied with the law of this State as it existed at the time of execution.

(Source: P.A. 96-1195, eff. 7-1-11.)

(755 ILCS 45/2-11) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 802-11)

Sec. 2-11. Saving clause. This Act does not in any way invalidate any agency executed or any act of any agent done, or affect any claim, right or remedy that accrued, prior to September 22, 1987.

This amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly does not in any way invalidate any agency executed or any act of any agent done, or affect any claim, right, or remedy that accrued prior to the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 96-1195, eff. 7-1-11.)

(755 ILCS 45/Art. III heading) ARTICLE III. STATUTORY SHORT FORM POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR PROPERTY.

(755 ILCS 45/3-1) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 803-1)

Sec. 3-1. Purpose. The General Assembly finds that the public interest requires a standardized form of power of attorney that individuals may use to authorize an agent to act for them in dealing with their property and financial affairs.

A short statutory form offering a set of optional powers is necessary so that the individual may design the power of attorney best suited to his or her needs in a simple fashion and be assured that the agent's authority will be honored by third parties with whom the agent deals, regardless of the physical or mental condition of the principal at the time the power is exercised.

The General Assembly intends that when a power in substantially the form set forth in this Act is used, third parties who rely in good faith on the acts of the agent within the scope of the power may do so without fear of liability to the principal. However, this form is not meant to be exclusive and other forms of power of attorney may be used.

(Source: P.A. 85-701.)

(755 ILCS 45/3-2) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 803-2)

Sec. 3-2. Short Title. This Article shall be known and may be cited as the "Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney for Property Law".

(Source: P.A. 85-701.)

(755 ILCS 45/3-3) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 803-3)

Sec. 3-3. Statutory short form power of attorney for property.

(a) The form prescribed in this Section may be known as "statutory property power" and may be used to grant an agent powers with respect to property and financial matters. The "statutory property power" consists of the following: (1) Notice to the Individual Signing the Illinois Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney for Property; (2) Illinois Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney for Property; and (3) Notice to Agent. When a power of attorney in substantially the form prescribed in this Section is used, including all 3 items above, with item (1), the Notice to Individual Signing the Illinois Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney for Property, on a separate sheet (coversheet) in 14-point type and the notarized form of acknowledgment at the end, it shall have the meaning and effect prescribed in this Act.

(b) A power of attorney shall also be deemed to be in substantially the same format as the statutory form if the explanatory language throughout the form (the language following the designation "NOTE:") is distinguished in some way from the legal paragraphs in the form, such as the use of boldface or other difference in typeface and font or point size, even if the "Notice" paragraphs at the beginning are not on a separate sheet of paper or are not in 14-point type, or if the principal's initials do not appear in the acknowledgement at the end of the "Notice" paragraphs.

The validity of a power of attorney as meeting the requirements of a statutory property power shall not be affected by the fact that one or more of the categories of optional powers listed in the form are struck out or the form includes specific limitations on or additions to the agent's powers, as permitted by the form. Nothing in this Article shall invalidate or bar use by the principal of any other or different form of power of attorney for property. Nonstatutory property powers (i) must be executed by the principal, (ii) must designate the agent and the agent's powers, (iii) must be signed by at least one witness to the principal's signature, and (iv) must indicate that the principal has acknowledged his or her signature before a notary public. However, nonstatutory property powers need not conform in any other respect to the statutory property power.

(c) The Notice to the Individual Signing the Illinois Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney for Property shall be substantially as follows:

"NOTICE TO THE INDIVIDUAL SIGNING THE ILLINOIS STATUTORY SHORT FORM POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR PROPERTY.

PLEASE READ THIS NOTICE CAREFULLY. The form that you will be signing is a legal document. It is governed by the Illinois Power of Attorney Act. If there is anything about this form that you do not understand, you should ask a lawyer to explain it to you.

The purpose of this Power of Attorney is to give your designated "agent" broad powers to handle your financial affairs, which may include the power to pledge, sell, or dispose of any of your real or personal property, even without your consent or any advance notice to you. When using the Statutory Short Form, you may name successor agents, but you may not name co-agents.

This form does not impose a duty upon your agent to handle your financial affairs, so it is important that you select an agent who will agree to do this for you. It is also important to select an agent whom you trust, since you are giving that agent control over your financial assets and property. Any agent who does act for you has a duty to act in good faith for your benefit and to use due care, competence, and diligence. He or she must also act in accordance with the law and with the directions in this form. Your agent must keep a record of all receipts, disbursements, and significant actions taken as your agent.

Unless you specifically limit the period of time that this Power of Attorney will be in effect, your agent may exercise the powers given to him or her throughout your lifetime, both before and after you become incapacitated. A court, however, can take away the powers of your agent if it finds that the agent is not acting properly. You may also revoke this Power of Attorney if you wish.

This Power of Attorney does not authorize your agent to appear in court for you as an attorney-at-law or otherwise to engage in the practice of law unless he or she is a licensed attorney who is authorized to practice law in Illinois.

The powers you give your agent are explained more fully in Section 3-4 of the Illinois Power of Attorney Act. This form is a part of that law. The "NOTE" paragraphs throughout this form are instructions.

You are not required to sign this Power of Attorney, but it will not take effect without your signature. You should not sign this Power of Attorney if you do not understand everything in it, and what your agent will be able to do if you do sign it.

Please place your initials on the following line indicating that you have read this Notice: ..................... Principal's initials"

(d) The Illinois Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney for Property shall be substantially as follows:

"ILLINOIS STATUTORY SHORT FORMPOWER OF ATTORNEY FOR PROPERTY

1. I, ..............., (insert name and address of principal) hereby revoke all prior powers of attorney for property executed by me and appoint:

..............................................................

(insert name and address of agent)

(NOTE: You may not name co-agents using this form.)

as my attorney-in-fact (my "agent") to act for me and in my name (in any way I could act in person) with respect to the following powers, as defined in Section 3-4 of the "Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney for Property Law" (including all amendments), but subject to any limitations on or additions to the specified powers inserted in paragraph 2 or 3 below:

(NOTE: You must strike out any one or more of the following categories of powers you do not want your agent to have. Failure to strike the title of any category will cause the powers described in that category to be granted to the agent. To strike out a category you must draw a line through the title of that category.)

(a) Real estate transactions.

(b) Financial institution transactions.

(c) Stock and bond transactions.

(d) Tangible personal property transactions.

(e) Safe deposit box transactions.

(f) Insurance and annuity transactions.

(g) Retirement plan transactions.

(h) Social Security, employment and military service benefits.

(i) Tax matters.

(j) Claims and litigation.

(k) Commodity and option transactions.

(l) Business operations.

(m) Borrowing transactions.

(n) Estate transactions.

(o) All other property transactions.

(NOTE: Limitations on and additions to the agent's powers may be included in this power of attorney if they are specifically described below.)

2. The powers granted above shall not include the following powers or shall be modified or limited in the following particulars:

(NOTE: Here you may include any specific limitations you deem appropriate, such as a prohibition or conditions on the sale of particular stock or real estate or special rules on borrowing by the agent.)

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

3. In addition to the powers granted above, I grant my agent the following powers:

(NOTE: Here you may add any other delegable powers including, without limitation, power to make gifts, exercise powers of appointment, name or change beneficiaries or joint tenants or revoke or amend any trust specifically referred to below.)

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

(NOTE: Your agent will have authority to employ other persons as necessary to enable the agent to properly exercise the powers granted in this form, but your agent will have to make all discretionary decisions. If you want to give your agent the right to delegate discretionary decision-making powers to others, you should keep paragraph 4, otherwise it should be struck out.)

4. My agent shall have the right by written instrument to delegate any or all of the foregoing powers involving discretionary decision-making to any person or persons whom my agent may select, but such delegation may be amended or revoked by any agent (including any successor) named by me who is acting under this power of attorney at the time of reference.

(NOTE: Your agent will be entitled to reimbursement for all reasonable expenses incurred in acting under this power of attorney. Strike out paragraph 5 if you do not want your agent to also be entitled to reasonable compensation for services as agent.)

5. My agent shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for services rendered as agent under this power of attorney.

(NOTE: This power of attorney may be amended or revoked by you at any time and in any manner. Absent amendment or revocation, the authority granted in this power of attorney will become effective at the time this power is signed and will continue until your death, unless a limitation on the beginning date or duration is made by initialing and completing one or both of paragraphs 6 and 7:)

6. ( ) This power of attorney shall become effective on

..............................................................

(NOTE: Insert a future date or event during your lifetime, such as a court determination of your disability or a written determination by your physician that you are incapacitated, when you want this power to first take effect.)

7. ( ) This power of attorney shall terminate on

..............................................................

(NOTE: Insert a future date or event, such as a court determination that you are not under a legal disability or a written determination by your physician that you are not incapacitated, if you want this power to terminate prior to your death.)

(NOTE: If you wish to name one or more successor agents, insert the name and address of each successor agent in paragraph 8.)

8. If any agent named by me shall die, become incompetent, resign or refuse to accept the office of agent, I name the following (each to act alone and successively, in the order named) as successor(s) to such agent:

..............................................................

..............................................................

For purposes of this paragraph 8, a person shall be considered to be incompetent if and while the person is a minor or an adjudicated incompetent or a person with a disability or the person is unable to give prompt and intelligent consideration to business matters, as certified by a licensed physician.

(NOTE: If you wish to, you may name your agent as guardian of your estate if a court decides that one should be appointed. To do this, retain paragraph 9, and the court will appoint your agent if the court finds that this appointment will serve your best interests and welfare. Strike out paragraph 9 if you do not want your agent to act as guardian.)

9. If a guardian of my estate (my property) is to be appointed, I nominate the agent acting under this power of attorney as such guardian, to serve without bond or security.

10. I am fully informed as to all the contents of this form and understand the full import of this grant of powers to my agent.

(NOTE: This form does not authorize your agent to appear in court for you as an attorney-at-law or otherwise to engage in the practice of law unless he or she is a licensed attorney who is authorized to practice law in Illinois.)

11. The Notice to Agent is incorporated by reference and included as part of this form.

Dated: ................

Signed ........................................... (principal)

(NOTE: This power of attorney will not be effective unless it is signed by at least one witness and your signature is notarized, using the form below. The notary may not also sign as a witness.)

The undersigned witness certifies that ..............., known to me to be the same person whose name is subscribed as principal to the foregoing power of attorney, appeared before me and the notary public and acknowledged signing and delivering the instrument as the free and voluntary act of the principal, for the uses and purposes therein set forth. I believe him or her to be of sound mind and memory. The undersigned witness also certifies that the witness is not: (a) the attending physician or mental health service provider or a relative of the physician or provider; (b) an owner, operator, or relative of an owner or operator of a health care facility in which the principal is a patient or resident; (c) a parent, sibling, descendant, or any spouse of such parent, sibling, or descendant of either the principal or any agent or successor agent under the foregoing power of attorney, whether such relationship is by blood, marriage, or adoption; or (d) an agent or successor agent under the foregoing power of attorney.

Dated: ................ .............................. Witness

(NOTE: Illinois requires only one witness, but other jurisdictions may require more than one witness. If you wish to have a second witness, have him or her certify and sign here:)

(Second witness) The undersigned witness certifies that ................, known to me to be the same person whose name is subscribed as principal to the foregoing power of attorney, appeared before me and the notary public and acknowledged signing and delivering the instrument as the free and voluntary act of the principal, for the uses and purposes therein set forth. I believe him or her to be of sound mind and memory. The undersigned witness also certifies that the witness is not: (a) the attending physician or mental health service provider or a relative of the physician or provider; (b) an owner, operator, or relative of an owner or operator of a health care facility in which the principal is a patient or resident; (c) a parent, sibling, descendant, or any spouse of such parent, sibling, or descendant of either the principal or any agent or successor agent under the foregoing power of attorney, whether such relationship is by blood, marriage, or adoption; or (d) an agent or successor agent under the foregoing power of attorney.

Dated: ....................... .............................. Witness

State of ............)

) SS.

County of ...........)

The undersigned, a notary public in and for the above county and state, certifies that ......................., known to me to be the same person whose name is subscribed as principal to the foregoing power of attorney, appeared before me and the witness(es) ............. (and ..............) in person and acknowledged signing and delivering the instrument as the free and voluntary act of the principal, for the uses and purposes therein set forth (, and certified to the correctness of the signature(s) of the agent(s)).

Dated: ................ .............................. Notary Public My commission expires .................

(NOTE: You may, but are not required to, request your agent and successor agents to provide specimen signatures below. If you include specimen signatures in this power of attorney, you must complete the certification opposite the signatures of the agents.)

Specimen signatures of I certify that the signatures

agent (and successors) of my agent (and successors)

are genuine.

.......................... .............................

(agent) (principal)

.......................... .............................

(successor agent) (principal)

.......................... .............................

(successor agent) (principal)

(NOTE: The name, address, and phone number of the person preparing this form or who assisted the principal in completing this form should be inserted below.)

Name: .......................

Address: ....................

..............................

..............................

Phone: .................... "

(e) Notice to Agent. The following form may be known as "Notice to Agent" and shall be supplied to an agent appointed under a power of attorney for property.

"NOTICE TO AGENT When you accept the authority granted under this power of attorney a special legal relationship, known as agency, is created between you and the principal. Agency imposes upon you duties that continue until you resign or the power of attorney is terminated or revoked.

As agent you must:

(1) do what you know the principal reasonably expects you to do with the principal's property;

(2) act in good faith for the best interest of the principal, using due care, competence, and diligence;

(3) keep a complete and detailed record of all receipts, disbursements, and significant actions conducted for the principal;

(4) attempt to preserve the principal's estate plan, to the extent actually known by the agent, if preserving the plan is consistent with the principal's best interest; and

(5) cooperate with a person who has authority to make health care decisions for the principal to carry out the principal's reasonable expectations to the extent actually in the principal's best interest.

As agent you must not do any of the following:

(1) act so as to create a conflict of interest that is inconsistent with the other principles in this Notice to Agent;

(2) do any act beyond the authority granted in this power of attorney;

(3) commingle the principal's funds with your funds;

(4) borrow funds or other property from the principal, unless otherwise authorized;

(5) continue acting on behalf of the principal if you learn of any event that terminates this power of attorney or your authority under this power of attorney, such as the death of the principal, your legal separation from the principal, or the dissolution of your marriage to the principal.

If you have special skills or expertise, you must use those special skills and expertise when acting for the principal. You must disclose your identity as an agent whenever you act for the principal by writing or printing the name of the principal and signing your own name "as Agent" in the following manner:

"(Principal's Name) by (Your Name) as Agent"

The meaning of the powers granted to you is contained in Section 3-4 of the Illinois Power of Attorney Act, which is incorporated by reference into the body of the power of attorney for property document.

If you violate your duties as agent or act outside the authority granted to you, you may be liable for any damages, including attorney's fees and costs, caused by your violation.

If there is anything about this document or your duties that you do not understand, you should seek legal advice from an attorney."

(f) The requirement of the signature of a witness in addition to the principal and the notary, imposed by Public Act 91-790, applies only to instruments executed on or after June 9, 2000 (the effective date of that Public Act).

(NOTE: This amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly deletes provisions that referred to the one required witness as an "additional witness", and it also provides for the signature of an optional "second witness".)

(Source: P.A. 99-143, eff. 7-27-15.)

(755 ILCS 45/3-3.6)

Sec. 3-3.6. Limitations on who may witness property powers.

(a) Every property power shall bear the signature of a witness to the signing of the agency and shall be notarized. None of the following may serve as a witness to the signing of a property power or as a notary public notarizing the property power:

(1) the attending physician or mental health service provider of the principal, or a relative of the physician or provider;

(2) an owner, operator, or relative of an owner or operator of a health care facility in which the principal is a patient or resident;

(3) a parent, sibling, or descendant, or the spouse of a parent, sibling, or descendant, of either the principal or any agent or successor agent, regardless of whether the relationship is by blood, marriage, or adoption;

(4) an agent or successor agent for property.

(b) The prohibition on the operator of a health care facility from serving as a witness shall extend to directors and executive officers of an operator that is a corporate entity but not other employees of the operator.

(Source: P.A. 96-1195, eff. 7-1-11.)

(755 ILCS 45/3-4) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 803-4)

Sec. 3-4. Explanation of powers granted in the statutory short form power of attorney for property. This Section defines each category of powers listed in the statutory short form power of attorney for property and the effect of granting powers to an agent, and is incorporated by reference into the statutory short form. Incorporation by reference does not require physical attachment of a copy of this Section 3-4 to the statutory short form power of attorney for property. When the title of any of the following categories is retained (not struck out) in a statutory property power form, the effect will be to grant the agent all of the principal's rights, powers and discretions with respect to the types of property and transactions covered by the retained category, subject to any limitations on the granted powers that appear on the face of the form. The agent will have authority to exercise each granted power for and in the name of the principal with respect to all of the principal's interests in every type of property or transaction covered by the granted power at the time of exercise, whether the principal's interests are direct or indirect, whole or fractional, legal, equitable or contractual, as a joint tenant or tenant in common or held in any other form; but the agent will not have power under any of the statutory categories (a) through (o) to make gifts of the principal's property, to exercise powers to appoint to others or to change any beneficiary whom the principal has designated to take the principal's interests at death under any will, trust, joint tenancy, beneficiary form or contractual arrangement. The agent will be under no duty to exercise granted powers or to assume control of or responsibility for the principal's property or affairs; but when granted powers are exercised, the agent will be required to act in good faith for the benefit of the principal using due care, competence, and diligence in accordance with the terms of the statutory property power and will be liable for negligent exercise. The agent may act in person or through others reasonably employed by the agent for that purpose and will have authority to sign and deliver all instruments, negotiate and enter into all agreements and do all other acts reasonably necessary to implement the exercise of the powers granted to the agent.

(a) Real estate transactions. The agent is authorized to: buy, sell, exchange, rent and lease real estate (which term includes, without limitation, real estate subject to a land trust and all beneficial interests in and powers of direction under any land trust); collect all rent, sale proceeds and earnings from real estate; convey, assign and accept title to real estate; grant easements, create conditions and release rights of homestead with respect to real estate; create land trusts and exercise all powers under land trusts; hold, possess, maintain, repair, improve, subdivide, manage, operate and insure real estate; pay, contest, protest and compromise real estate taxes and assessments; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to real estate which the principal could if present and under no disability.

(b) Financial institution transactions. The agent is authorized to: open, close, continue and control all accounts and deposits in any type of financial institution (which term includes, without limitation, banks, trust companies, savings and building and loan associations, credit unions and brokerage firms); deposit in and withdraw from and write checks on any financial institution account or deposit; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to financial institution transactions which the principal could if present and under no disability. This authorization shall also apply to any Totten Trust, Payable on Death Account, or comparable trust account arrangement where the terms of such trust are contained entirely on the financial institution's signature card, insofar as an agent shall be permitted to withdraw income or principal from such account, unless this authorization is expressly limited or withheld under paragraph 2 of the form prescribed under Section 3-3. This authorization shall not apply to accounts titled in the name of any trust subject to the provisions of the Illinois Trust Code, for which specific reference to the trust and a specific grant of authority to the agent to withdraw income or principal from such trust is required pursuant to Section 2-9 of the Illinois Power of Attorney Act and subsection (n) of this Section.

(c) Stock and bond transactions. The agent is authorized to: buy and sell all types of securities (which term includes, without limitation, stocks, bonds, mutual funds and all other types of investment securities and financial instruments); collect, hold and safekeep all dividends, interest, earnings, proceeds of sale, distributions, shares, certificates and other evidences of ownership paid or distributed with respect to securities; exercise all voting rights with respect to securities in person or by proxy, enter into voting trusts and consent to limitations on the right to vote; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to securities which the principal could if present and under no disability.

(d) Tangible personal property transactions. The agent is authorized to: buy and sell, lease, exchange, collect, possess and take title to all tangible personal property; move, store, ship, restore, maintain, repair, improve, manage, preserve, insure and safekeep tangible personal property; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to tangible personal property which the principal could if present and under no disability.

(e) Safe deposit box transactions. The agent is authorized to: open, continue and have access to all safe deposit boxes; sign, renew, release or terminate any safe deposit contract; drill or surrender any safe deposit box; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to safe deposit matters which the principal could if present and under no disability.

(f) Insurance and annuity transactions. The agent is authorized to: procure, acquire, continue, renew, terminate or otherwise deal with any type of insurance or annuity contract (which terms include, without limitation, life, accident, health, disability, automobile casualty, property or liability insurance); pay premiums or assessments on or surrender and collect all distributions, proceeds or benefits payable under any insurance or annuity contract; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to insurance and annuity contracts which the principal could if present and under no disability.

(g) Retirement plan transactions. The agent is authorized to: contribute to, withdraw from and deposit funds in any type of retirement plan (which term includes, without limitation, any tax qualified or nonqualified pension, profit sharing, stock bonus, employee savings and other retirement plan, individual retirement account, deferred compensation plan and any other type of employee benefit plan); select and change payment options for the principal under any retirement plan; make rollover contributions from any retirement plan to other retirement plans or individual retirement accounts; exercise all investment powers available under any type of self-directed retirement plan; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to retirement plans and retirement plan account balances which the principal could if present and under no disability.

(h) Social Security, unemployment and military service benefits. The agent is authorized to: prepare, sign and file any claim or application for Social Security, unemployment or military service benefits; sue for, settle or abandon any claims to any benefit or assistance under any federal, state, local or foreign statute or regulation; control, deposit to any account, collect, receipt for, and take title to and hold all benefits under any Social Security, unemployment, military service or other state, federal, local or foreign statute or regulation; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to Social Security, unemployment, military service and governmental benefits which the principal could if present and under no disability.

(i) Tax matters. The agent is authorized to: sign, verify and file all the principal's federal, state and local income, gift, estate, property and other tax returns, including joint returns and declarations of estimated tax; pay all taxes; claim, sue for and receive all tax refunds; examine and copy all the principal's tax returns and records; represent the principal before any federal, state or local revenue agency or taxing body and sign and deliver all tax powers of attorney on behalf of the principal that may be necessary for such purposes; waive rights and sign all documents on behalf of the principal as required to settle, pay and determine all tax liabilities; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to tax matters which the principal could if present and under no disability.

(j) Claims and litigation. The agent is authorized to: institute, prosecute, defend, abandon, compromise, arbitrate, settle and dispose of any claim in favor of or against the principal or any property interests of the principal; collect and receipt for any claim or settlement proceeds and waive or release all rights of the principal; employ attorneys and others and enter into contingency agreements and other contracts as necessary in connection with litigation; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to claims and litigation which the principal could if present and under no disability. The statutory short form power of attorney for property does not authorize the agent to appear in court or any tribunal as an attorney-at-law for the principal or otherwise to engage in the practice of law without being a licensed attorney who is authorized to practice law in Illinois under applicable Illinois Supreme Court Rules.

(k) Commodity and option transactions. The agent is authorized to: buy, sell, exchange, assign, convey, settle and exercise commodities futures contracts and call and put options on stocks and stock indices traded on a regulated options exchange and collect and receipt for all proceeds of any such transactions; establish or continue option accounts for the principal with any securities or futures broker; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to commodities and options which the principal could if present and under no disability.

(l) Business operations. The agent is authorized to: organize or continue and conduct any business (which term includes, without limitation, any farming, manufacturing, service, mining, retailing or other type of business operation) in any form, whether as a proprietorship, joint venture, partnership, corporation, trust or other legal entity; operate, buy, sell, expand, contract, terminate or liquidate any business; direct, control, supervise, manage or participate in the operation of any business and engage, compensate and discharge business managers, employees, agents, attorneys, accountants and consultants; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to business interests and operations which the principal could if present and under no disability.

(m) Borrowing transactions. The agent is authorized to: borrow money; mortgage or pledge any real estate or tangible or intangible personal property as security for such purposes; sign, renew, extend, pay and satisfy any notes or other forms of obligation; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to secured and unsecured borrowing which the principal could if present and under no disability.

(n) Estate transactions. The agent is authorized to: accept, receipt for, exercise, release, reject, renounce, assign, disclaim, demand, sue for, claim and recover any legacy, bequest, devise, gift or other property interest or payment due or payable to or for the principal; assert any interest in and exercise any power over any trust, estate or property subject to fiduciary control; establish a revocable trust solely for the benefit of the principal that terminates at the death of the principal and is then distributable to the legal representative of the estate of the principal; and, in general, exercise all powers with respect to estates and trusts which the principal could if present and under no disability; provided, however, that the agent may not make or change a will and may not revoke or amend a trust revocable or amendable by the principal or require the trustee of any trust for the benefit of the principal to pay income or principal to the agent unless specific authority to that end is given, and specific reference to the trust is made, in the statutory property power form.

(o) All other property transactions. The agent is authorized to: exercise all possible authority of the principal with respect to all possible types of property and interests in property, except to the extent limited in subsections (a) through (n) of this Section 3-4 and to the extent that the principal otherwise limits the generality of this category (o) by striking out one or more of categories (a) through (n) or by specifying other limitations in the statutory property power form.

(Source: P.A. 101-48, eff. 1-1-20.)

(755 ILCS 45/3-5)

Sec. 3-5. Savings clause. This amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly does not in any way invalidate any property power executed or any act of any agent done, or affect any claim, right, or remedy that accrued, prior to the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 96-1195, eff. 7-1-11.)

(755 ILCS 45/Art. IV heading) ARTICLE IV - POWERS OF ATTORNEY FOR HEALTH CARE.

(755 ILCS 45/4-1) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-1)

Sec. 4-1. Purpose. The General Assembly recognizes the right of the individual to control all aspects of his or her personal care and medical treatment, including the right to decline medical treatment or to direct that it be withdrawn, even if death ensues. The right of the individual to decide about personal care overrides the obligation of the physician and other health care providers to render care or to preserve life and health.

However, if the individual becomes a person with a disability, her or his right to control treatment may be denied unless the individual, as principal, can delegate the decision making power to a trusted agent and be sure that the agent's power to make personal and health care decisions for the principal will be effective to the same extent as though made by the principal.

The Illinois statutory recognition of the right of delegation for health care purposes needs to be restated to make it clear that its scope is intended to be as broad as the comparable right of delegation for property and financial matters. However, the General Assembly recognizes that powers concerning life and death and the other issues involved in health care agencies are more sensitive than property matters and that particular rules and forms are necessary for health care agencies to insure their validity and efficacy and to protect health care providers so that they will honor the authority of the agent at all times. For purposes of emphasis and their particular application to health care, the General Assembly restates the purposes and public policy announced in Article II, Section 2-1 of this Act as if those purposes and public policies were set forth verbatim in this Section.

In furtherance of these purposes, the General Assembly adopts this Article, setting forth general principles governing health care agencies and a statutory short form power of attorney for health care, intending that when a power in substantially the form set forth in this Article is used, health care providers and other third parties who rely in good faith on the acts and decisions of the agent within the scope of the power may do so without fear of civil or criminal liability to the principal, the State or any other person. However, the form of health care agency in this Article is not intended to be exclusive and other forms of powers of attorney chosen by the principal that comply with Section 4-5 of this Article may offer powers and protection similar to the statutory short form power of attorney for health care.

(Source: P.A. 99-143, eff. 7-27-15.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-2) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-2)

Sec. 4-2. Short Title. This Article shall be known and may be cited as the "Powers of Attorney for Health Care Law".

(Source: P.A. 85-701.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-3) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-3)

Sec. 4-3. General principles. The health care powers that may be delegated to an agent include, without limitation, all powers an individual may have to be informed about and to consent to or refuse or withdraw any type of health care for the individual and all powers a parent may have to control or consent to health care for a minor child. A health care agency may extend beyond the principal's death if necessary to permit anatomical gift, autopsy, disposition of remains, or access to medical records. Nothing in this Article shall impair or supersede any legal right or legal responsibility which any person may have to effect the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining or death-delaying procedures in any lawful manner, and the provisions of this Article are cumulative in such respect.

(Source: P.A. 97-623, eff. 11-23-11.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-4) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-4)

Sec. 4-4. Definitions. As used in this Article:

(a) "Attending physician" means the physician who has primary responsibility at the time of reference for the treatment and care of the patient.

(b) "Health care" means any care, treatment, service or procedure to maintain, diagnose, treat or provide for the patient's physical or mental health or personal care.

(c) "Health care agency" means an agency governing any type of health care, anatomical gift, autopsy or disposition of remains for and on behalf of a patient and refers, in either hard copy or electronic format, to the power of attorney or other written instrument defining the agency or the agency, itself, as appropriate to the context.

(d) "Health care provider", "health care professional", or "provider" means the attending physician and any other person administering health care to the patient at the time of reference who is licensed, certified, or otherwise authorized or permitted by law to administer health care in the ordinary course of business or the practice of a profession, including any person employed by or acting for any such authorized person.

(e) "Patient" means the principal or, if the agency governs health care for a minor child of the principal, then the child.

(e-5) "Health care agent" means an individual at least 18 years old designated by the principal to make health care decisions of any type, including, but not limited to, anatomical gift, autopsy, or disposition of remains for and on behalf of the individual. A health care agent is a personal representative under state and federal law. The health care agent has the authority of a personal representative under both state and federal law unless restricted specifically by the health care agency.

(f) (Blank).

(g) (Blank).

(h) (Blank).

(Source: P.A. 101-163, eff. 1-1-20.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-4.1)

Sec. 4-4.1. Format. Documents, writings, forms, and copies referred to in this Article may be in hard copy or electronic format. Nothing in this Article is intended to prevent the population of a written instrument of a health care agency, document, writing, or form with electronic data. An agent may present an electronic device displaying an electronic copy of an executed form as proof of the health care agency.

(Source: P.A. 101-163, eff. 1-1-20; 102-794, eff. 1-1-23.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-5) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-5)

Sec. 4-5. Limitations on health care agencies. Neither the attending physician nor any other health care provider or health care professional may act as agent under a health care agency; however, a person who is not administering health care to the patient may act as health care agent for the patient even though the person is a physician or otherwise licensed, certified, authorized, or permitted by law to administer health care in the ordinary course of business or the practice of a profession.

(Source: P.A. 98-1113, eff. 1-1-15.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-5.1)

Sec. 4-5.1. Limitations on who may witness health care agencies.

(a) Every health care agency shall bear the signature of a witness to the signing of the agency. No witness may be under 18 years of age. None of the following licensed professionals providing services to the principal may serve as a witness to the signing of a health care agency:

(1) the attending physician, advanced practice registered nurse, physician assistant, dentist, podiatric physician, optometrist, or psychologist of the principal, or a relative of the physician, advanced practice registered nurse, physician assistant, dentist, podiatric physician, optometrist, or psychologist;

(2) an owner, operator, or relative of an owner or operator of a health care facility in which the principal is a patient or resident;

(3) a parent, sibling, or descendant, or the spouse of a parent, sibling, or descendant, of either the principal or any agent or successor agent, regardless of whether the relationship is by blood, marriage, or adoption;

(4) an agent or successor agent for health care.

(b) The prohibition on the operator of a health care facility from serving as a witness shall extend to directors and executive officers of an operator that is a corporate entity but not other employees of the operator such as, but not limited to, non-owner chaplains or social workers, nurses, and other employees.

(Source: P.A. 99-328, eff. 1-1-16; 100-513, eff. 1-1-18.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-6) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-6)

Sec. 4-6. Revocation and amendment of health care agencies.

(a) Unless the principal elects a delayed revocation period pursuant to subsection (a-5), every health care agency may be revoked by the principal at any time, without regard to the principal's mental or physical condition, by any of the following methods:

1. By being obliterated, burnt, torn, or otherwise destroyed or defaced in a manner indicating intention to revoke;

2. By a written revocation of the agency signed and dated by the principal or person acting at the direction of the principal, regardless of whether the written revocation is in an electronic or hard copy format;

3. By an oral or any other expression of the intent to revoke the agency in the presence of a witness 18 years of age or older who signs and dates a writing confirming that such expression of intent was made; or

4. For an electronic health care agency, by deleting in a manner indicating the intention to revoke. An electronic health care agency may be revoked electronically using a generic, technology-neutral system in which each user is assigned a unique identifier that is securely maintained and in a manner that meets the regulatory requirements for a digital or electronic signature. Compliance with the standards defined in the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act or the implementing rules of the Hospital Licensing Act for medical record entry authentication for author validation of the documentation, content accuracy, and completeness meets this standard.

(a-5) A principal may elect a 30-day delay of the revocation of the principal's health care agency. If a principal makes this election, the principal's revocation shall be delayed for 30 days after the principal communicates his or her intent to revoke.

(b) Every health care agency may be amended at any time by a written amendment signed and dated by the principal or person acting at the direction of the principal.

(c) Any person, other than the agent, to whom a revocation or amendment is communicated or delivered shall make all reasonable efforts to inform the agent of that fact as promptly as possible.

(Source: P.A. 101-163, eff. 1-1-20; 102-38, eff. 6-25-21; 102-181, eff. 7-30-21; 102-813, eff. 5-13-22.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-7) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-7)

Sec. 4-7. Duties of health care providers and others in relation to health care agencies. Each health care provider and each other person with whom an agent deals under a health care agency shall be subject to the following duties and responsibilities:

(a) It is the responsibility of the agent or patient to notify the health care provider of the existence of the health care agency and any amendment or revocation thereof. An agent may present an electronic device displaying an electronic copy of an executed form as proof of the health care agency. A health care provider furnished with a copy of a health care agency shall make it a part of the patient's medical records and shall enter in the records any change in or termination of the health care agency by the principal that becomes known to the provider. Whenever a provider believes a patient may lack capacity to give informed consent to health care which the provider deems necessary, the provider shall consult with any available health care agent known to the provider who then has power to act for the patient under a health care agency.

(b) A health care decision made by an agent in accordance with the terms of a health care agency shall be complied with by every health care provider to whom the decision is communicated, subject to the provider's right to administer treatment for the patient's comfort care or alleviation of pain; but if the provider is unwilling to comply with the agent's decision, the provider shall promptly inform the agent who shall then be responsible to make the necessary arrangements for the transfer of the patient to another provider. It is understood that a provider who is unwilling to comply with the agent's decision will continue to afford reasonably necessary consultation and care in connection with the transfer.

(c) At the patient's expense and subject to reasonable rules of the health care provider to prevent disruption of the patient's health care, each health care provider shall give an agent authorized to receive such information under a health care agency the same right the principal has to examine and copy any part or all of the patient's medical records that the agent deems relevant to the exercise of the agent's powers, whether the records relate to mental health or any other medical condition and whether they are in the possession of or maintained by any physician, psychiatrist, psychologist, therapist, hospital, nursing home or other health care provider.

(d) If and to the extent a health care agency empowers the agent to (1) make an anatomical gift on behalf of the principal under the Illinois Anatomical Gift Act, as now or hereafter amended, or (2) authorize an autopsy of the principal's body pursuant to Section 2 of "An Act in relation to autopsy of dead bodies", approved August 13, 1965, as now or hereafter amended, or (3) direct the disposition of the principal's remains, the decision by an authorized agent as to anatomical gift, autopsy approval or remains disposition shall be deemed the act of the principal and shall control over the decision of other persons who might otherwise have priority; and each person to whom a direction by the agent in accordance with the terms of the agency is communicated shall comply with such direction.

(Source: P.A. 102-794, eff. 1-1-23.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-8) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-8)

Sec. 4-8. Immunities of health care providers, agents and others in relation to health care agencies. Each health care provider and each other person who acts in good faith reliance on any direction or decision by the agent that is not clearly contrary to the terms of a health care agency (a "reliant") will be protected and released to the same extent as though the reliant had dealt directly with the principal as a fully-competent person. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the following specific principles shall also govern, protect and validate the acts of the agent and each reliant:

(a) No reliant shall be subject to any type of civil or criminal liability or discipline for unprofessional conduct for complying with any direction or decision by the agent, even if death or injury to the patient ensues.

(b) No reliant shall be subject to any type of civil or criminal liability or discipline for unprofessional conduct for failure to comply with any direction or decision by the agent that violates the reliant's conscience rights, as long as the reliant promptly informs the agent of reliant's refusal or failure to comply with such direction or decision by the agent. The agent shall then be responsible to make the necessary arrangements for the transfer of the patient to another provider. It is understood that a provider who is unwilling to comply with the agent's decision will continue to afford reasonably necessary consultation and care in connection with the transfer.

(c) If the actions of a health care provider who fails to comply with any direction or decision by the agent are substantially in accord with reasonable medical standards at the time of reference and the provider cooperates in the transfer of the patient pursuant to subsection (b) of Section 4-7 of this Act, the provider shall not be subject to any type of civil or criminal liability or discipline for unprofessional conduct for failure to comply with the agent.

(d) No agent who in good faith acts with due care for the benefit of the patient and in accordance with the terms of a health care agency, or who fails to act, shall be subject to any type of civil or criminal liability for such action or inaction.

(e) If the patient's death results from withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment in accordance with the terms of a health care agency, the death shall not constitute a suicide or homicide for any purpose under any statute or other rule of law and shall not impair or invalidate any insurance, annuity or other type of contract that is conditioned on the life or death of the patient, any term of the contract to the contrary notwithstanding.

(Source: P.A. 85-1395.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-9) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-9)

Sec. 4-9. Penalties. All persons shall be subject to the following sanctions in relation to health care agencies, in addition to all other sanctions applicable under any other law or rule of professional conduct:

(a) Any person shall be civilly liable who, without the principal's consent: (i) wilfully conceals, cancels, or alters a health care agency or any amendment or revocation of the agency; (ii) falsifies or forges a health care agency, amendment, or revocation; or (iii) enters information in an electronic system under the persona of the principal.

(b) A person who falsifies or forges a health care agency, enters information in an electronic system under the persona of the principal, or wilfully conceals or withholds personal knowledge of an amendment or revocation of a health care agency with the intent to cause a withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining or death-delaying procedures contrary to the intent of the principal and thereby, because of such act, directly causes life-sustaining or death-delaying procedures to be withheld or withdrawn and death to the patient to be hastened shall be subject to prosecution for involuntary manslaughter.

(c) Any person who requires or prevents execution of a health care agency as a condition of insuring or providing any type of health care services to the patient shall be civilly liable and guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

(Source: P.A. 101-163, eff. 1-1-20.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-10) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-10)

Sec. 4-10. Statutory short form power of attorney for health care.

(a) The form prescribed in this Section (sometimes also referred to in this Act as the "statutory health care power") may be used to grant an agent powers with respect to the principal's own health care; but the statutory health care power is not intended to be exclusive nor to cover delegation of a parent's power to control the health care of a minor child, and no provision of this Article shall be construed to invalidate or bar use by the principal of any other or different form of power of attorney for health care. Nonstatutory health care powers must be executed by the principal, designate the agent and the agent's powers, and comply with the limitations in Section 4-5 of this Article, but they need not be witnessed or conform in any other respect to the statutory health care power.

No specific format is required for the statutory health care power of attorney other than the notice must precede the form. The statutory health care power may be included in or combined with any other form of power of attorney governing property or other matters.

The signature and execution requirements set forth in this Article are satisfied by: (i) written signatures or initials; or (ii) electronic signatures or computer-generated signature codes. Electronic documents under this Act may be created, signed, or revoked electronically using a generic, technology-neutral system in which each user is assigned a unique identifier that is securely maintained and in a manner that meets the regulatory requirements for a digital or electronic signature. Compliance with the standards defined in the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act or the implementing rules of the Hospital Licensing Act for medical record entry authentication for author validation of the documentation, content accuracy, and completeness meets this standard.

(b) The Illinois Statutory Short Form Power of Attorney for Health Care shall be substantially as follows:

NOTICE TO THE INDIVIDUAL SIGNING THE POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR HEALTH CARE No one can predict when a serious illness or accident might occur. When it does, you may need someone else to speak or make health care decisions for you. If you plan now, you can increase the chances that the medical treatment you get will be the treatment you want.

In Illinois, you can choose someone to be your "health care agent". Your agent is the person you trust to make health care decisions for you if you are unable or do not want to make them yourself. These decisions should be based on your personal values and wishes.

It is important to put your choice of agent in writing. The written form is often called an "advance directive". You may use this form or another form, as long as it meets the legal requirements of Illinois. There are many written and online resources to guide you and your loved ones in having a conversation about these issues. You may find it helpful to look at these resources while thinking about and discussing your advance directive.

WHAT ARE THE THINGS I WANT MY HEALTH CARE AGENT TO KNOW? The selection of your agent should be considered carefully, as your agent will have the ultimate decision-making authority once this document goes into effect, in most instances after you are no longer able to make your own decisions. While the goal is for your agent to make decisions in keeping with your preferences and in the majority of circumstances that is what happens, please know that the law does allow your agent to make decisions to direct or refuse health care interventions or withdraw treatment. Your agent will need to think about conversations you have had, your personality, and how you handled important health care issues in the past. Therefore, it is important to talk with your agent and your family about such things as:

(i) What is most important to you in your life?

(ii) How important is it to you to avoid pain and suffering?

(iii) If you had to choose, is it more important to you to live as long as possible, or to avoid prolonged suffering or disability?

(iv) Would you rather be at home or in a hospital for the last days or weeks of your life?

(v) Do you have religious, spiritual, or cultural beliefs that you want your agent and others to consider?

(vi) Do you wish to make a significant contribution to medical science after your death through organ or whole body donation?

(vii) Do you have an existing advance directive, such as a living will, that contains your specific wishes about health care that is only delaying your death? If you have another advance directive, make sure to discuss with your agent the directive and the treatment decisions contained within that outline your preferences. Make sure that your agent agrees to honor the wishes expressed in your advance directive.

WHAT KIND OF DECISIONS CAN MY AGENT MAKE? If there is ever a period of time when your physician determines that you cannot make your own health care decisions, or if you do not want to make your own decisions, some of the decisions your agent could make are to:

(i) talk with physicians and other health care providers about your condition.

(ii) see medical records and approve who else can see them.

(iii) give permission for medical tests, medicines, surgery, or other treatments.

(iv) choose where you receive care and which physicians and others provide it.

(v) decide to accept, withdraw, or decline treatments designed to keep you alive if you are near death or not likely to recover. You may choose to include guidelines and/or restrictions to your agent's authority.

(vi) agree or decline to donate your organs or your whole body if you have not already made this decision yourself. This could include donation for transplant, research, and/or education. You should let your agent know whether you are registered as a donor in the First Person Consent registry maintained by the Illinois Secretary of State or whether you have agreed to donate your whole body for medical research and/or education.

(vii) decide what to do with your remains after you have died, if you have not already made plans.

(viii) talk with your other loved ones to help come to a decision (but your designated agent will have the final say over your other loved ones).

Your agent is not automatically responsible for your health care expenses.

WHOM SHOULD I CHOOSE TO BE MY HEALTH CARE AGENT? You can pick a family member, but you do not have to. Your agent will have the responsibility to make medical treatment decisions, even if other people close to you might urge a different decision. The selection of your agent should be done carefully, as he or she will have ultimate decision-making authority for your treatment decisions once you are no longer able to voice your preferences. Choose a family member, friend, or other person who:

(i) is at least 18 years old;

(ii) knows you well;

(iii) you trust to do what is best for you and is willing to carry out your wishes, even if he or she may not agree with your wishes;

(iv) would be comfortable talking with and questioning your physicians and other health care providers;

(v) would not be too upset to carry out your wishes if you became very sick; and

(vi) can be there for you when you need it and is willing to accept this important role.

WHAT IF MY AGENT IS NOT AVAILABLE OR IS UNWILLING TO MAKE DECISIONS FOR ME? If the person who is your first choice is unable to carry out this role, then the second agent you chose will make the decisions; if your second agent is not available, then the third agent you chose will make the decisions. The second and third agents are called your successor agents and they function as back-up agents to your first choice agent and may act only one at a time and in the order you list them.

WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF I DO NOT CHOOSE A HEALTH CARE AGENT? If you become unable to make your own health care decisions and have not named an agent in writing, your physician and other health care providers will ask a family member, friend, or guardian to make decisions for you. In Illinois, a law directs which of these individuals will be consulted. In that law, each of these individuals is called a "surrogate".

There are reasons why you may want to name an agent rather than rely on a surrogate:

(i) The person or people listed by this law may not be who you would want to make decisions for you.

(ii) Some family members or friends might not be able or willing to make decisions as you would want them to.

(iii) Family members and friends may disagree with one another about the best decisions.

(iv) Under some circumstances, a surrogate may not be able to make the same kinds of decisions that an agent can make.

WHAT IF THERE IS NO ONE AVAILABLE WHOM I TRUST TO BE MY AGENT? In this situation, it is especially important to talk to your physician and other health care providers and create written guidance about what you want or do not want, in case you are ever critically ill and cannot express your own wishes. You can complete a living will. You can also write your wishes down and/or discuss them with your physician or other health care provider and ask him or her to write it down in your chart. You might also want to use written or online resources to guide you through this process.

WHAT DO I DO WITH THIS FORM ONCE I COMPLETE IT? Follow these instructions after you have completed the form:

(i) Sign the form in front of a witness. See the form for a list of who can and cannot witness it.

(ii) Ask the witness to sign it, too.

(iii) There is no need to have the form notarized.

(iv) Give a copy to your agent and to each of your successor agents.

(v) Give another copy to your physician.

(vi) Take a copy with you when you go to the hospital.

(vii) Show it to your family and friends and others who care for you.

WHAT IF I CHANGE MY MIND? You may change your mind at any time. If you do, tell someone who is at least 18 years old that you have changed your mind, and/or destroy your document and any copies. If you wish, fill out a new form and make sure everyone you gave the old form to has a copy of the new one, including, but not limited to, your agents and your physicians. If you are concerned you may revoke your power of attorney at a time when you may need it the most, you may initial the box at the end of the form to indicate that you would like a 30-day waiting period after you voice your intent to revoke your power of attorney. This means if your agent is making decisions for you during that time, your agent can continue to make decisions on your behalf. This election is purely optional, and you do not have to choose it. If you do not choose this option, you can change your mind and revoke the power of attorney at any time.

WHAT IF I DO NOT WANT TO USE THIS FORM? In the event you do not want to use the Illinois statutory form provided here, any document you complete must be executed by you, designate an agent who is over 18 years of age and not prohibited from serving as your agent, and state the agent's powers, but it need not be witnessed or conform in any other respect to the statutory health care power.

If you have questions about the use of any form, you may want to consult your physician, other health care provider, and/or an attorney.

MY POWER OF ATTORNEY FOR HEALTH CARE

THIS POWER OF ATTORNEY REVOKES ALL PREVIOUS POWERS OF ATTORNEY FOR HEALTH CARE. (You must sign this form and a witness must also sign it before it is valid)

My name (Print your full name):...............................

My address:...................................................

I WANT THE FOLLOWING PERSON TO BE MY HEALTH CARE AGENT

(an agent is your personal representative under state and federal law):

(Agent name)..................................................

(Agent address)...............................................

(Agent phone number)..........................................

(Please check box if applicable) .... If a guardian of my person is to be appointed, I nominate the agent acting under this power of attorney as guardian.

SUCCESSOR HEALTH CARE AGENT(S) (optional):

If the agent I selected is unable or does not want to make health care decisions for me, then I request the person(s) I name below to be my successor health care agent(s). Only one person at a time can serve as my agent (add another page if you want to add more successor agent names):

..............................................................

(Successor agent #1 name, address and phone number)

..............................................................

(Successor agent #2 name, address and phone number)

MY AGENT CAN MAKE HEALTH CARE DECISIONS FOR ME, INCLUDING:

(i) Deciding to accept, withdraw, or decline treatment for any physical or mental condition of mine, including life-and-death decisions.

(ii) Agreeing to admit me to or discharge me from any hospital, home, or other institution, including a mental health facility.

(iii) Having complete access to my medical and mental health records, and sharing them with others as needed, including after I die.

(iv) Carrying out the plans I have already made, or, if I have not done so, making decisions about my body or remains, including organ, tissue or whole body donation, autopsy, cremation, and burial.

The above grant of power is intended to be as broad as possible so that my agent will have the authority to make any decision I could make to obtain or terminate any type of health care, including withdrawal of nutrition and hydration and other life-sustaining measures.

I AUTHORIZE MY AGENT TO (please check any one box):

.... Make decisions for me only when I cannot make them for myself. The physician(s) taking care of me will determine when I lack this ability.

(If no box is checked, then the box above shall be implemented.) OR

.... Make decisions for me only when I cannot make them for myself. The physician(s) taking care of me will determine when I lack this ability. Starting now, for the purpose of assisting me with my health care plans and decisions, my agent shall have complete access to my medical and mental health records, the authority to share them with others as needed, and the complete ability to communicate with my personal physician(s) and other health care providers, including the ability to require an opinion of my physician as to whether I lack the ability to make decisions for myself. OR

.... Make decisions for me starting now and continuing after I am no longer able to make them for myself. While I am still able to make my own decisions, I can still do so if I want to.

The subject of life-sustaining treatment is of particular importance. Life-sustaining treatments may include tube feedings or fluids through a tube, breathing machines, and CPR. In general, in making decisions concerning life-sustaining treatment, your agent is instructed to consider the relief of suffering, the quality as well as the possible extension of your life, and your previously expressed wishes. Your agent will weigh the burdens versus benefits of proposed treatments in making decisions on your behalf.

Additional statements concerning the withholding or removal of life-sustaining treatment are described below. These can serve as a guide for your agent when making decisions for you. Ask your physician or health care provider if you have any questions about these statements.

SELECT ONLY ONE STATEMENT BELOW THAT BEST EXPRESSES YOUR WISHES (optional):

.... The quality of my life is more important than the length of my life. If I am unconscious and my attending physician believes, in accordance with reasonable medical standards, that I will not wake up or recover my ability to think, communicate with my family and friends, and experience my surroundings, I do not want treatments to prolong my life or delay my death, but I do want treatment or care to make me comfortable and to relieve me of pain.

.... Staying alive is more important to me, no matter how sick I am, how much I am suffering, the cost of the procedures, or how unlikely my chances for recovery are. I want my life to be prolonged to the greatest extent possible in accordance with reasonable medical standards.

SPECIFIC LIMITATIONS TO MY AGENT'S DECISION-MAKING AUTHORITY:

The above grant of power is intended to be as broad as possible so that your agent will have the authority to make any decision you could make to obtain or terminate any type of health care. If you wish to limit the scope of your agent's powers or prescribe special rules or limit the power to authorize autopsy or dispose of remains, you may do so specifically in this form.

..............................................................

..............................................................

My signature:.................................................

Today's date:.................................................

DELAYED REVOCATION .... I elect to delay revocation of this power of attorney for 30 days after I communicate my intent to revoke it.

.... I elect for the revocation of this power of attorney to take effect immediately if I communicate my intent to revoke it.

HAVE YOUR WITNESS AGREE TO WHAT IS WRITTEN BELOW, AND THEN COMPLETE THE SIGNATURE PORTION:

I am at least 18 years old. (check one of the options below):

.... I saw the principal sign this document, or

.... the principal told me that the signature or mark on the principal signature line is his or hers.

I am not the agent or successor agent(s) named in this document. I am not related to the principal, the agent, or the successor agent(s) by blood, marriage, or adoption. I am not the principal's physician, advanced practice registered nurse, dentist, podiatric physician, optometrist, psychologist, or a relative of one of those individuals. I am not an owner or operator (or the relative of an owner or operator) of the health care facility where the principal is a patient or resident.

Witness printed name:.........................................

Witness address:..............................................

Witness signature:............................................

Today's date:.................................................

(c) The statutory short form power of attorney for health care (the "statutory health care power") authorizes the agent to make any and all health care decisions on behalf of the principal which the principal could make if present and under no disability, subject to any limitations on the granted powers that appear on the face of the form, to be exercised in such manner as the agent deems consistent with the intent and desires of the principal. The agent will be under no duty to exercise granted powers or to assume control of or responsibility for the principal's health care; but when granted powers are exercised, the agent will be required to use due care to act for the benefit of the principal in accordance with the terms of the statutory health care power and will be liable for negligent exercise. The agent may act in person or through others reasonably employed by the agent for that purpose but may not delegate authority to make health care decisions. The agent may sign and deliver all instruments, negotiate and enter into all agreements, and do all other acts reasonably necessary to implement the exercise of the powers granted to the agent. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the statutory health care power shall include the following powers, subject to any limitations appearing on the face of the form:

(1) The agent is authorized to give consent to and authorize or refuse, or to withhold or withdraw consent to, any and all types of medical care, treatment, or procedures relating to the physical or mental health of the principal, including any medication program, surgical procedures, life-sustaining treatment, or provision of food and fluids for the principal.

(2) The agent is authorized to admit the principal to or discharge the principal from any and all types of hospitals, institutions, homes, residential or nursing facilities, treatment centers, and other health care institutions providing personal care or treatment for any type of physical or mental condition. The agent shall have the same right to visit the principal in the hospital or other institution as is granted to a spouse or adult child of the principal, any rule of the institution to the contrary notwithstanding.

(3) The agent is authorized to contract for any and all types of health care services and facilities in the name of and on behalf of the principal and to bind the principal to pay for all such services and facilities, and to have and exercise those powers over the principal's property as are authorized under the statutory property power, to the extent the agent deems necessary to pay health care costs; and the agent shall not be personally liable for any services or care contracted for on behalf of the principal.

(4) At the principal's expense and subject to reasonable rules of the health care provider to prevent disruption of the principal's health care, the agent shall have the same right the principal has to examine and copy and consent to disclosure of all the principal's medical records that the agent deems relevant to the exercise of the agent's powers, whether the records relate to mental health or any other medical condition and whether they are in the possession of or maintained by any physician, psychiatrist, psychologist, therapist, hospital, nursing home, or other health care provider. The authority under this paragraph (4) applies to any information governed by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 ("HIPAA") and regulations thereunder. The agent serves as the principal's personal representative, as that term is defined under HIPAA and regulations thereunder.

(5) The agent is authorized: to direct that an autopsy be made pursuant to Section 2 of the Autopsy Act; to make a disposition of any part or all of the principal's body pursuant to the Illinois Anatomical Gift Act, as now or hereafter amended; and to direct the disposition of the principal's remains.

(6) At any time during which there is no executor or administrator appointed for the principal's estate, the agent is authorized to continue to pursue an application or appeal for government benefits if those benefits were applied for during the life of the principal.

(d) A physician may determine that the principal is unable to make health care decisions for himself or herself only if the principal lacks decisional capacity, as that term is defined in Section 10 of the Health Care Surrogate Act.

(e) If the principal names the agent as a guardian on the statutory short form, and if a court decides that the appointment of a guardian will serve the principal's best interests and welfare, the court shall appoint the agent to serve without bond or security.

(f) If the agent presents the statutory short form electronically, an attending physician, emergency medical services personnel as defined by Section 3.5 of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems Act, or health care provider shall not refuse to give effect to a health care agency if the agent presents an electronic device displaying an electronic copy of an executed form as proof of the health care agency. Any person or entity that provides a statutory short form to the public shall post for a period of 2 years information on its website regarding the changes made by this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 101-81, eff. 7-12-19; 101-163, eff. 1-1-20; 102-38, eff. 6-25-21; 102-181, eff. 7-30-21; 102-794, eff. 1-1-23; 102-813, eff. 5-13-22.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-11) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-11)

Sec. 4-11. Applicability - inconsistent Acts. This Article applies to all health care providers and other persons in relation to all health care agencies on and after the effective date of this Article. This Article supersedes all other Illinois Acts or parts thereof existing on the effective date of this Article to the extent such other Acts are inconsistent with the terms and operation of this Article; provided, that this Article does not affect the law governing emergency health care. If the principal has a living will under the "Illinois Living Will Act", as now or hereafter amended, the living will shall not be operative so long as an agent is available who is authorized by a health care agency to deal with the subject of life-sustaining or death-delaying procedures for and on behalf of the principal.

(Source: P.A. 85-701.)

(755 ILCS 45/4-12) (from Ch. 110 1/2, par. 804-12)

Sec. 4-12. Saving clause. This Act does not in any way invalidate any health care agency executed or any act of any agent done, or affect any claim, right or remedy that accrued, prior to September 22, 1987.

This amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly does not in any way invalidate any health care agency executed or any act of any agent done, or affect any claim, right, or remedy that accrued, prior to the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly.

This amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly does not in any way invalidate any health care agency executed or any act of any agent done, or affect any claim, right, or remedy that accrued, prior to the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly.

This amendatory Act of the 99th General Assembly does not in any way invalidate any health care agency executed or any act of any agent done, or affect any claim, right, or remedy that accrued, prior to the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 99th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 98-1113, eff. 1-1-15; 99-328, eff. 1-1-16.)