45 ILCS 10/ Interstate Compact on Juveniles Act.

(45 ILCS 10/0.01) (from Ch. 23, par. 2590)

Sec. 0.01. Short title. This Act may be cited as the Interstate Compact on Juveniles Act.

(Source: P.A. 86-1324.)

(45 ILCS 10/1) (from Ch. 23, par. 2591)

Sec. 1. Legislative findings and policy.

It is hereby found and declared: (1) that juveniles who are not under proper supervision and control, or who have absconded, escaped or run away, are likely to endanger their own health, morals and welfare, and the health, morals and welfare of others; (2) that the cooperation of this State with other States is necessary to provide for the welfare and protection of juveniles and of the people of this State.

It shall therefore be the policy of this State, in adopting the Interstate Compact on Juveniles, to cooperate fully with other States: (1) in returning juveniles to such other States whenever their return is sought; and (2) in accepting the return of juveniles whenever a juvenile residing in this State is found or apprehended in another State and in taking all measures to initiate proceedings for the return of such juveniles.

(Source: Laws 1961, p. 2593.)

(45 ILCS 10/2) (from Ch. 23, par. 2592)

Sec. 2. Execution of compact.

The Governor is hereby authorized and directed to execute a compact on behalf of this State with any other State or States legally joining therein in the form substantially as follows:

The contracting States solemnly agree: ARTICLE I--FINDINGS AND PURPOSES That juveniles who are not under proper supervision and control, or who have absconded, escaped or run away, are likely to endanger their own health, morals and welfare, and the health, morals and welfare of others. The cooperation of the States party to this compact is therefor necessary to provide for the welfare and protection of juveniles and of the public with respect to (1) cooperative supervision of delinquent juveniles on probation or parole; (2) the return, from one State to another, of delinquent juveniles who have escaped or absconded; (3) the return, from one State to another, of non-delinquent juveniles who have run away from home; and (4) additional measures for the protection of juveniles and of the public, which any two or more of the party States may find desirable to undertake cooperatively. In carrying out the provisions of this compact the party States shall be guided by the non-criminal, reformative and protective policies which guide their laws concerning delinquent, neglected or dependent juveniles generally. It shall be the policy of the States party to this compact to cooperate and observe their respective responsibilities for the prompt return and acceptance of juveniles and delinquent juveniles who become subject to the provisions of this compact. The provisions of this compact shall be reasonably and liberally construed to accomplish the foregoing purposes. ARTICLE II--EXISTING RIGHTS AND REMEDIES That all remedies and procedures provided by this compact shall be in addition to and not in substitution for other rights, remedies and procedures, and shall not be in derogation of parental rights and responsibilities. ARTICLE III--DEFINITIONS That, for the purposes of this compact, "delinquent juvenile" means any juvenile who has been adjudged delinquent and who, at the time the provisions of this compact are invoked, is still subject to the jurisdiction of the court that has made such adjudication or to the jurisdiction or supervision of an agency or institution pursuant to an order of such court; "probation or parole" means any kind of conditional release of juveniles authorized under the laws of the States party hereto; "court" means any court having jurisdiction over delinquent, neglected or dependent children; "State" means any State, territory or possessions of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and "residence" or any variant thereof means a place at which a home or regular place of abode is maintained. ARTICLE IV--RETURN OF RUNAWAYS (a) That the parent, guardian, person or agency entitled to legal custody of a juvenile who has not been adjudged delinquent but who has run away without the consent of such parent, guardian, person or agency may petition the appropriate court in the demanding State for the issuance of a requisition for his return. The petition shall state the name and age of the juvenile, the name of the petitioner and the basis of entitlement to the juvenile's custody, the circumstances of his running away, his location if known at the time application is made, and such other facts as may tend to show that the juvenile who has run away is endangering his own welfare or the welfare of others and is not an emancipated minor. The petition shall be verified by affidavit, shall be executed in duplicate, and shall be accompanied by 2 certified copies of the document or documents on which the petitioner's entitlement to the juvenile's custody is based, such as birth certificates, letters of guardianship, or custody decrees. Such further affidavits and other documents as may be deemed proper may be submitted with such petition. The judge of the court to which this application is made may hold a hearing thereon to determine whether for the purposes of this compact the petitioner is entitled to the legal custody of the juvenile, whether or not it appears that the juvenile has in fact run away without consent, whether or not he is an emancipated minor, and whether or not it is in the best interest of the juvenile to compel his return to the State. If the judge determines, either with or without a hearing, that the juvenile should be returned, he shall present to the appropriate court or to the executive authority of the State where the juvenile is alleged to be located a written requisition for the return of such juvenile. Such requisition shall set forth the name and age of the juvenile, the determination of the court that the juvenile has run away without the consent of a parent, guardian, person or agency entitled to his legal custody, and that it is in the best interest and for the protection of such juvenile that he be returned. In the event that a proceeding for the adjudication of the juvenile as a delinquent, neglected or dependent juvenile is pending in the court at the time when such juvenile runs away, the court may issue a requisition for the return of such juvenile upon its own motion, regardless of the consent of the parent, guardian, person or agency entitled to legal custody, reciting therein the nature and circumstances of the pending proceeding. The requisition shall in every case be executed in duplicate and shall be signed by the judge. One copy of the requisition shall be filed with the compact administrator of the demanding State, there to remain on file subject to the provisions of law governing records of such court. Upon the receipt of a requisition demanding the return of a juvenile who has run away, the court or the executive authority to whom the requisition is addressed shall issue an order to any peace officer or other appropriate person directing him to take into custody and detain such juvenile. Such detention order must substantially recite the facts necessary to the validity of its issuance hereunder. No juvenile detained upon such order shall be delivered over to the officer whom the court demanding him shall have appointed to receive him, unless he shall first be taken forthwith before a judge of a court in the State, who shall inform him of the demand made for his return, and who may appoint counsel or guardian ad litem for him. If the judge of such court shall find that the requisition is in order, he shall deliver such juvenile over to the officer whom the court demanding him shall have appointed to receive him. The judge, however, may fix a reasonable time to be allowed for the purpose of testing the legality of the proceeding. Upon reasonable information that a person is a juvenile who has run away from another State party to this compact without the consent of a parent, guardian, person or agency entitled to his legal custody, such juvenile may be taken into custody without a requisition and brought forthwith before a judge of the appropriate court who may appoint counsel or guardian ad litem for such juvenile and who shall determine after a hearing whether sufficient cause exists to hold the person, subject to the order of the court, for his own protection and welfare, for such a time not exceeding 90 days as will enable his return to another State party to this compact pursuant to a requisition for his return from a court of that State. If, at the time when a State seeks the return of a juvenile who has run away, there is pending in the State wherein he is found any criminal charge, or any proceeding to have him adjudicated a delinquent juvenile for an act committed in such State, or if he is suspected of having committed within such State a criminal offense or an act of juvenile delinquency, he shall not be returned without the consent of such State until discharged from prosecution or other form of proceeding, imprisonment, detention or supervision for such offense or juvenile delinquency. The duly accredited officers of any State party to this compact, upon the establishment of their authority and the identity of the juvenile being returned, shall be permitted to transport such juvenile through any and all States party to this compact, without interference. Upon his return to the State from which he ran away, the juvenile shall be subject to such further proceedings as may be appropriate under the laws of that State.

(b) That the State to which a juvenile is returned under this Article shall be responsible for payment of the transportation costs of such return.

(c) That "juvenile" as used in this Article means any person who is a minor under the law of the State of residence of the parent, guardian, person or agency entitled to the legal custody of such minor. ARTICLE V--RETURN OF ESCAPEES AND ABSCONDERS (a) That the appropriate person or authority from whose probation or parole supervision a delinquent juvenile has absconded or from whose institutional custody he has escaped shall present to the appropriate court or to the executive authority of the State where the delinquent juvenile is alleged to be located a written requisition for the return of such delinquent juvenile. Such requisition shall state the name and age of the delinquent juvenile, the particulars of his adjudication as a delinquent juvenile, the circumstances of the breach of the terms of his probation or parole or of his escape from an institution or agency vested with his legal custody or supervision, and the location of such delinquent juvenile, if known, at the time the requisition is made. The requisition shall be verified by affidavit, shall be executed in duplicate, and shall be accompanied by 2 certified copies of the judgment, formal adjudication, or order of commitment which subjects such delinquent juvenile to probation or parole or to the legal custody of the institution or agency concerned. Such further affidavits and other documents as may be deemed proper may be submitted with such requisition. One copy of the requisition shall be filed with the compact administrator of the demanding State, there to remain on file subject to the provisions of law governing records of the appropriate court. Upon the receipt of a requisition demanding the return of a delinquent juvenile who has absconded or escaped, the court or the executive authority to whom the requisition is addressed shall issue an order to any peace officer or other appropriate person directing him to take into custody and detain such delinquent juvenile. Such detention order must substantially recite the facts necessary to the validity of its issuance hereunder. No delinquent juvenile detained upon such order shall be delivered over to the officer whom the appropriate person or authority demanding him shall have appointed to receive him, unless he shall first be taken forthwith before a judge of an appropriate court in the State, who shall inform him of the demand made for his return and who may appoint counsel or guardian ad litem for him. If the judge of such court shall find that the requisition is in order, he shall deliver such delinquent juvenile over to the officer whom the appropriate person or authority demanding him shall have appointed to receive him. The judge, however, may fix a reasonable time to be allowed for the purpose of testing the legality of the proceeding.

Upon reasonable information that a person is a delinquent juvenile who has absconded while on probation or parole, or escaped from an institution or agency vested with his legal custody or supervision in any State party to this compact, such person may be taken into custody in any other State party to this compact without a requisition. But in such event, he must be taken forthwith before a judge of the appropriate court, who may appoint counsel or guardian ad litem for such person and who shall determine, after a hearing, whether sufficient cause exists to hold the person subject to the order of the court for such a time, not exceeding 90 days, as will enable his detention under a detention order issued on a requisition pursuant to this Article. If, at the time when a State seeks the return of a delinquent juvenile who has either absconded while on probation or parole or escaped from an institution or agency vested with his legal custody or supervision, there is pending in the State wherein he is detained any criminal charge or any proceeding to have him adjudicated a delinquent juvenile for an act committed in such State, or if he is suspected of having committed within such State a criminal offense or an act of juvenile delinquency, he shall not be returned without the consent of such State until discharged from prosecution or other form of proceeding, imprisonment, detention or supervision for such offense or juvenile delinquency. The duly accredited officers of any State party to this compact, upon the establishment of their authority and the identity of the delinquent juvenile being returned, shall be permitted to transport such delinquent juvenile through any and all States party to this compact, without interference. Upon his return to the State from which he escaped or absconded, the delinquent juvenile shall be subject to such further proceedings as may be appropriate under the laws of that State.

(b) That the State to which a delinquent juvenile is returned under this Article shall be responsible for the payment of the transportation costs of such return. ARTICLE VI--VOLUNTARY RETURN PROCEDURE That any delinquent juvenile who has absconded while on probation or parole, or escaped from an institution or agency vested with his legal custody or supervision in any State party to this compact, and any juvenile who has run away from any State party to this compact, who is taken into custody without a requisition in another State party to this compact under the provisions of Article IV (c) or of Article V (c), may consent to his immediate return to the State from which he absconded, escaped or ran away. Such consent shall be given by the juvenile or delinquent juvenile and his counsel or guardian ad litem if any, by executing or subscribing a writing, in the presence of a judge of the appropriate court, which states that the juvenile or delinquent juvenile and his counsel or guardian ad litem, if any, consent to his return to the demanding State. Before such consent shall be executed or subscribed, however, the judge, in the presence of counsel or guardian ad litem, if any, shall inform the juvenile or delinquent juvenile of his rights under this compact. When the consent has been duly executed, it shall be forwarded to and filed with the compact administrator of the State in which the court is located and the judge shall direct the officer having the juvenile or delinquent juvenile in custody to deliver him to the duly accredited officer or officers of the State demanding his return, and shall cause to be delivered to such officer or officers a copy of the consent. The court may, however, upon the request of the State to which the juvenile or delinquent juvenile is being returned, order him to return unaccompanied to such State and shall provide him with a copy of such court order; in such event a copy of the consent shall be forwarded to the compact administrator of the State to which the juvenile or delinquent juvenile is ordered to return. ARTICLE VII--COOPERATIVE SUPERVISION OF PROBATIONERS AND PAROLEES (a) That the duly constituted judicial and administrative authorities of a State party to this compact (herein called "sending State") may permit any delinquent juvenile within such State, placed on probation or parole, to reside in any other State party to this compact (herein called "receiving State") while on probation or parole, and the receiving State shall accept such delinquent juvenile, if the parent, guardian or person entitled to the legal custody of such delinquent juvenile is residing or undertakes to reside within the receiving State. Before granting such permission, opportunity shall be given to the receiving State to make such investigations as it deems necessary. The authorities of the sending State shall send to the authorities of the receiving State copies of pertinent court orders, social case studies and all other available information which may be of value to and assist the receiving State in supervising a probationer or parolee under this compact. A receiving State, in its discretion, may agree to accept supervision of a probationer or parolee in cases where the parent, guardian or person entitled to the legal custody of the delinquent juvenile is not a resident of the receiving State, and if so accepted the sending State may transfer supervision accordingly.

(b) That each receiving State will assume the duties of visitation and of supervision over any such delinquent juvenile and in the exercise of those duties will be governed by the same standards of visitation and supervision that prevail for its own delinquent juveniles released on probation or parole.

(c) That, after consultation between the appropriate authorities of the sending State and of the receiving State as to the desirability and necessity of returning such a delinquent juvenile, the duly accredited officers of a sending State may enter a receiving State and there apprehend and retake any such delinquent juvenile on probation or parole. For that purpose, no formalities will be required, other than establishing the authority of the officer and the identity of the delinquent juvenile to be retaken and returned. The decision of the sending State to retake a delinquent juvenile on probation or parole shall be conclusive upon and not reviewable within the receiving State, but if, at the time the sending State seeks to retake a delinquent juvenile on probation or parole, there is pending against him within the receiving State any criminal charge or any proceeding to have him adjudicated a delinquent juvenile for any act committed in such State or if he is suspected of having committed within such State a criminal offense or an act of juvenile delinquency, he shall not be returned without the consent of the receiving State until discharged from prosecution or other form of proceeding, imprisonment, detention or supervision for such offense or juvenile delinquency. The duly accredited officers of the sending State shall be permitted to transport delinquent juveniles being so returned through any and all States party to this compact, without interference.

(d) That the sending State shall be responsible under this Article for paying the costs of transporting any delinquent juvenile to the receiving State or of returning any delinquent juvenile to the sending State. ARTICLE VIII--RESPONSIBILITY FOR COSTS (a) That the provisions of Article IV(b), V(b) and VII(d) of this compact shall not be construed to alter or affect any internal relationship among the departments, agencies and officers of and in the government of a party State, or between a party State and its subdivisions, as to the payment of costs, or responsibilities therefor.

(b) That nothing in this compact shall be construed to prevent any party State or subdivision thereof from asserting any right against any person, agency or other entity in regard to costs for which such party State or subdivision thereof may be responsible pursuant to Articles IV(b), V(b) or VII(d) of this compact. ARTICLE IX--DETENTION PRACTICES That, to every extent possible, it shall be the policy of States party to this compact that no juvenile or delinquent juvenile shall be placed or detained in any prison, jail or lockup nor be detained or transported in association with criminal, vicious or dissolute persons. ARTICLE X--SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENTS That the duly constituted administrative authorities of a State party to this compact may enter into supplementary agreements with any other State or States party hereto for the cooperative care, treatment and rehabilitation of delinquent juveniles whenever they shall find that such agreements will improve the facilities or programs available for such care, treatment and rehabilitation. Such care, treatment and rehabilitation may be provided in an institution located within any State entering into such supplementary agreement. Such supplementary agreements shall (1) provide the rates to be paid for the care, treatment and custody of such delinquent juveniles, taking into consideration the character of facilities, services and subsistence furnished; (2) provide that the delinquent juvenile shall be given a court hearing prior to his being sent to another State for care, treatment and custody; (3) provide that the State receiving such a delinquent juvenile in one of its institutions shall act solely as agent for the State sending such delinquent juvenile; (4) provide that the sending State shall at all times retain jurisdiction over delinquent juveniles sent to an institution in another State; (5) provide for reasonable inspection of such institutions by the sending State; (6) provide that the consent of the parent, guardian, person or agency entitled to the legal custody of said delinquent juvenile shall be secured prior to his being sent to another State; and (7) make provision for such other matters and details as shall be necessary to protect the rights and equities of such delinquent juveniles and of the cooperating States. ARTICLE XI--ACCEPTANCE OF FEDERAL AND OTHER AID That any State party to this compact may accept any and all donations, gifts and grants of money, equipment and services from the federal or any local government, or any agency thereof and from any person, firm or corporation, for any of the purposes and functions of this compact, and may receive and utilize the same subject to the terms, conditions and regulations governing such donations, gifts and grants. ARTICLE XII--COMPACT ADMINISTRATORS That the Governor of each State party to this compact shall designate an officer who, acting jointly with like officers of other party States, shall promulgate rules and regulations to carry out more effectively the terms and provisions of this compact. ARTICLE XIII--EXECUTION OF COMPACT That this compact shall become operative immediately upon its execution by any State as between it and any other State or States so executing. When executed it shall have the full force and effect of law within such State, the form or execution to be in accordance with the laws of the executing State. ARTICLE XIV--RENUNCIATION That this compact shall continue in force and remain binding upon each executing State until renounced by it. Renunciation of this compact shall be by the same authority which executed it, by sending six months notice in writing of its intention to withdraw from the compact to the other States party hereto. The duties and obligations of a renouncing State under Article VII hereof shall continue as to parolees and probationers residing therein at the time of withdrawal until retaken or finally discharged. Supplementary agreements entered into under Article X hereof shall be subject to renunciation as provided by such supplementary agreements, and shall not be subject to the six months' renunciation notice of the present Article. ARTICLE XV--SEVERABILITY That the provisions of this compact shall be severable and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this compact is declared to be contrary to the constitution of any participating State or of the United States or the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this compact and the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstances shall not be affected thereby. If this compact shall be held contrary to the constitution of any State participating therein, the compact shall remain in full force and effect as to the remaining States and in full force and effect as to the State affected as to all severable matters. ARTICLE XVI--RENDITION AMENDMENT (a) This amendment adding Articles XVI and XVII shall provide additional remedies, and shall be binding only as among and between those party States which specifically execute the same.

(b) All provisions and procedures of Articles V and VI of the Interstate Compact on Juveniles shall be construed to apply to any juvenile charged with being a delinquent by reason of a violation of any criminal law. Any juvenile, charged with being a delinquent by reason of violating any criminal law shall be returned to the requesting State where the violation of criminal law is alleged to have been committed. The petition may be filed regardless of whether the juvenile has left the State before or after the filing of the petition. The requisition described in Article V of the Compact shall be forwarded by the judge of the court in which the petition has been filed. ARTICLE XVII--OUT-OF-STATE CONFINEMENT AMENDMENT (a) Whenever the duly constituted judicial or administrative authorities in a sending State shall determine that confinement of a probationer or reconfinement of a parolee is necessary or desirable, the officials may direct that the confinement or reconfinement be in an appropriate institution for delinquent juveniles within the territory of the receiving State, such receiving State to act in that regard solely as agent for the sending State.

(b) Escapees and absconders who would otherwise be returned pursuant to Article V of the compact may be confined or reconfined in the receiving State pursuant to this amendment. In any such case the information and allegations required to be made and furnished in a requisition pursuant to such Article shall be made and furnished, but in a place of the demand pursuant to Article V, the sending State shall request confinement or reconfinement in the receiving State. Whenever applicable, detention orders as provided in Article V may be employed pursuant to this paragraph preliminary to disposition of the escapee or absconder.

(c) The confinement or reconfinement of a parolee, probationer, escapee, or absconder pursuant to this amendment shall require the concurrence of the appropriate judicial or administrative authorities of the receiving State.

(d) As used in this amendment: (1) "sending State" means sending State as that term is used in Article VII of the compact or the State from which a delinquent juvenile has escaped or absconded within the meaning of Article V of the compact; (2) "receiving State" means any State, other than the sending State, in which a parolee, probationer, escapee, or absconder may be found, provided that the State is a party to this amendment.

(e) Every State which adopts this amendment shall designate at least one of its institutions for delinquent juveniles as a "Compact Institution" and shall confine persons therein as provided in paragraph (a) hereof unless the sending and receiving State in question shall make specific contractual arrangements to the contrary. All States party to this amendment shall have access to "Compact Institutions" at all reasonable hours for the purpose of inspecting the facilities thereof and for the purpose of visiting such of the State's delinquents as may be confined in the institution.

(f) Persons confined in "Compact Institutions" pursuant to the terms of this compact shall at all times be subject to the jurisdiction of the sending State and may at any time be removed from the "Compact Institution" for transfer to an appropriate institution within the sending State, for return to probation or parole, for discharge, or for any purpose permitted by the laws of the sending State.

(g) All persons who may be confined in a "Compact Institution" pursuant to the provisions of this amendment shall be treated in a reasonable and humane manner. The fact of confinement or reconfinement in a receiving State shall not deprive any person so confined or reconfined of any rights which the person would have had if confined or reconfined in an appropriate institution of the sending State; nor shall any agreement to submit to confinement or reconfinement pursuant to the terms of this amendment be construed as a waiver of any rights which the delinquent would have had if he had been confined or reconfined in any appropriate institution of the sending State except that the hearings, if any, to which a parolee, probationer, escapee, or absconder may be entitled (prior to confinement or reconfinement) by the laws of the sending State may be had before the appropriate judicial or administrative officers of the receiving State. In this event, the judicial and administrative officers shall act as agents of the sending State after consultation with appropriate officers of the sending State.

(h) Any receiving State incurring Costs or other expenses under this amendment shall be reimbursed in the amount of such costs or other expenses by the sending State unless the States concerned shall specifically otherwise agree. Any 2 or more States party to this amendment may enter into supplementary agreements determining a different allocation of costs as among themselves.

(i) This amendment adding Articles XVI and XVII shall take initial effect when entered into by any 2 or more States party to the compact and shall be effective as to those States which have specifically enacted this amendment. Rules and regulations necessary to effectuate the terms of this amendment may be promulgated by the appropriate officers of those States which have enacted this amendment.

(Source: P.A. 78-804.)

(45 ILCS 10/3) (from Ch. 23, par. 2593)

Sec. 3. Juvenile compact administrator.

Pursuant to the compact, the Governor is hereby authorized and empowered to designate an officer who shall be the compact administrator and who, acting jointly with like officers of other party States, shall promulgate rules and regulations to carry out more effectively the terms of the compact. The compact administrator shall serve subject to the pleasure of the Governor. The compact administrator is hereby authorized, empowered and directed to cooperate with all departments, agencies and officers of and in the government of this State and its subdivisions in facilitating the proper administration of the compact or of any supplementary agreement or agreements entered into by this State hereunder.

(Source: Laws 1961, p. 2593.)

(45 ILCS 10/4) (from Ch. 23, par. 2594)

Sec. 4. Supplementary agreements.

The compact administrator is hereby authorized and empowered to enter into supplementary agreements with appropriate officials of other States pursuant to the compact. In the event that such supplementary agreement shall require or contemplate the use of any institution or facility of this State or require or contemplate the provision of any service by this State, the supplementary agreement shall have no force or effect until approved by the head of the department or agency under whose jurisdiction the institution or facility is operated or whose department or agency will be charged with the rendering of such service.

(Source: Laws 1961, p. 2593.)

(45 ILCS 10/5) (from Ch. 23, par. 2595)

Sec. 5. Financial arrangements.

The compact administrator, subject to the approval of the State Comptroller, may make or arrange for any payments necessary to discharge any financial obligations imposed upon this State by the compact or by any supplementary agreement entered into thereunder.

(Source: P.A. 78-592.)

(45 ILCS 10/6) (from Ch. 23, par. 2596)

Sec. 6. Responsibilities of State Departments, agencies and officers.

The courts, departments, agencies and officers of this State and its subdivisions shall enforce this compact and shall do all things appropriate to the effectuation of its purposes and intent which may be within their respective jurisdictions.

(Source: Laws 1961, p. 2593.)

(45 ILCS 10/7) (from Ch. 23, par. 2597)

Sec. 7. Additional procedures not precluded.

In addition to any procedure provided in Articles IV and VI of the compact for the return of any runaway juvenile, the particular States, the juvenile or his parents, the courts, or other legal custodian involved may agree upon and adopt any other plan or procedure legally authorized under the laws of this State and the other respective party States for the return of any such runaway juvenile.

(Source: Laws 1961, p. 2593.)