Section 703.320  Options for Incinerators and Cement and Lightweight Aggregate Kilns to Minimize Emissions from Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction Events

a)         Facilities with Existing Permits

1)         Revisions to permit conditions after documenting compliance with MACT.  The owner or operator of a RCRA-permitted incinerator, cement kiln, lightweight aggregate kiln, solid fuel boiler, liquid fuel boiler, or hydrochloric acid production furnace, when requesting removal of permit conditions that are no longer applicable according to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 724.440(b) and 726.200(b), may request that the Agency address permit conditions that minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options:

A)        Retain Relevant Permit Conditions.  Under this option, the Agency must do the following:

i)          Retain permit conditions that address releases during startup, shutdown, and malfunction events, including releases from emergency safety vents, as these events are defined in the facility's startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan required pursuant to 40 CFR 63.1206(c)(2) (When and How Must You Comply with the Standards and Operating Requirements?), incorporated by reference in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 720.111(b); and

ii)         Limit applicability of those permit conditions only to when the facility is operating under its startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan.

B)        Revise Relevant Permit Conditions.  Under this option, the following must occur:

i)          The Agency must identify a subset of relevant existing permit requirements, or develop alternative permit requirements, that ensure emissions of toxic compounds are minimized from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events, including releases from emergency safety vents, based on review of information including the source's startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, design, and operating history;

ii)         The Agency must retain or add these permit requirements to the permit to apply only when the facility is operating under its startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan; and

iii)        The owner or operator must comply with subsection (a)(3).

BOARD NOTE:  The Board found it necessary to deviate from the structure of corresponding 40 CFR 270.235(a)(1)(ii) in this subsection (a)(1)(B) in order to comport with Illinois Administrative Code codification requirements.  The substance of 40 CFR 270.235(a)(1)(ii)(A), (a)(1)(ii)(A)(1), and (a)(1)(ii)(A)(2) appear as subsections (a)(1)(B), (a)(1)(B)(i), and (a)(1)(B)(ii).  The substance of 40 CFR 270.235(a)(1)(ii)(B) has been codified as subsection (a)(3).  The Board added subsection (a)(1)(B)(iii) to direct attention to subsection (a)(3).

C)        Remove Permit Conditions.  Under this option the following are required:

i)          The owner or operator must document that the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan required pursuant to 40 CFR 63.1206(c)(2) has been approved pursuant to 40 CFR 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B); and

ii)         The Agency must remove permit conditions that are no longer applicable according to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 724.440(b) and 726.200(b).

2)         Addressing Permit Conditions upon Permit Reissuance.  The owner or operator of an incinerator, cement kiln, lightweight aggregate kiln, solid fuel boiler, liquid fuel boiler, or hydrochloric acid production furnace that has conducted a comprehensive performance test and submitted to the Agency a Notification of Compliance documenting compliance with the standards of subpart EEE of 40 CFR 63 (National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Hazardous Waste Combustors), incorporated by reference in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 720.111(b), may request in the application to reissue the permit for the combustion unit that the Agency control emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options:

A)        RCRA Option A.  Under this option, the Agency must do the following:

i)          Include, in the permit, conditions that ensure compliance with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 724.445(a) and (c) or 726.202(e)(1) and (e)(2)(C) to minimize emissions of toxic compounds from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events, including releases from emergency safety vents; and

ii)         Specify that these permit requirements apply only when the facility is operating under its startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan; or

BOARD NOTE:  The Board found it necessary to deviate from the structure of corresponding 40 CFR 270.235(a)(2)(i) in this subsection (a)(2)(A) in order to comport with Illinois Administrative Code codification requirements.  The substance of 40 CFR 270.235(a)(2)(i)(A), (a)(2)(i)(A)(1), and (a)(2)(i)(A)(2) appear as subsections (a)(2)(A), (a)(2)(A)(i), and (a)(2)(A)(ii).

B)        RCRA Option B.  Under this option, the following must occur:

i)          The Agency must include, in the permit, conditions that ensure emissions of toxic compounds are minimized from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events, including releases from emergency safety vents, based on review of information including the source's startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan, design, and operating history;

ii)         The Agency must specify that these permit requirements apply only when the facility is operating under its startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan; and

iii)        The owner or operator must comply with subsection (a)(3) of this Section; and

BOARD NOTE:  The Board found it necessary to deviate from the structure of corresponding 40 CFR 270.235(a)(2)(ii) in this subsection (a)(2)(B) in order to comport with Illinois Administrative Code codification requirements.  The substance of 40 CFR 270.235(a)(2)(ii)(A), (a)(2)(ii)(A)(1), and (a)(2)(ii)(A)(2) appear as subsections (a)(2)(B), (a)(2)(B)(i), and (a)(2)(B)(ii).  The substance of 40 CFR 270.235(a)(2)(ii)(B) has been codified as subsection (a)(3).  The Board added subsection (a)(2)(B)(iii) to direct attention to subsection (a)(3).

C)        CAA Option.  Under this option the following are required:

i)          The owner or operator must document that the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan required pursuant to 40 CFR 63.1206(c)(2) has been approved pursuant to  40 CFR 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B); and

ii)         The Agency must omit from the permit conditions that are not applicable pursuant to 35 Ill. Adm. Code 724.440(b) and 726.200(b).

3)         Changes That May Significantly Increase Emissions

A)        The owner or operator must notify the Agency in writing of changes to the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan or changes to the design of the source that may significantly increase emissions of toxic compounds from startup, shutdown, or malfunction events, including releases from emergency safety vents.  The owner or operator must notify the Agency of such changes within five days of making such changes.  The owner or operator must identify in the notification recommended revisions to permit conditions necessary as a result of the changes to ensure that emissions of toxic compounds are minimized during these events.

B)        The Agency may revise permit conditions as a result of these changes to ensure that emissions of toxic compounds are minimized during startup, shutdown, or malfunction events, including releases from emergency safety vents in either of the following ways:

i)          Upon permit renewal; or

ii)         If warranted, by modifying the permit pursuant to Section 703.270 or 703.280 through 703.283.

BOARD NOTE:  The substance of 40 CFR 270.235(a)(1)(ii)(B) and (a)(2)(ii)(B) has been codified as this subsection (a)(3).

b)         Interim Status Facilities

1)         Interim status operations.  In compliance with 35 Ill. Adm. Code 725.440 and 726.200(b), the owner or operator of an incinerator, cement kiln, lightweight aggregate kiln, solid fuel boiler, liquid fuel boiler, or hydrochloric acid production furnace that is operating under the interim status standards of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 725 or 726 may control emissions of toxic compounds during startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under either of the following options after conducting a comprehensive performance test and submitting to the Agency a Notification of Compliance documenting compliance with the standards of subpart EEE of 40 CFR 63:

A)        RCRA Option.  Under this option, the owner or operator must continue to comply with the interim status emission standards and operating requirements of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 725 or 726 relevant to control of emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events.  Those standards and requirements apply only during startup, shutdown, and malfunction events; or

B)        CAA Option.  Under this option, the owner or operator is exempt from the interim status standards of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 725 or 726 relevant to control of emissions of toxic compounds during startup, shutdown, and malfunction events upon submission of written notification and documentation to the Agency that the startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan required pursuant to 40 CFR 63.1206(c)(2) has been approved pursuant to 40 CFR 63.1206(c)(2)(ii)(B).

2)         Operations Under a Subsequent RCRA Permit permit.  When an owner or operator of an incinerator, cement kiln, lightweight aggregate kiln, solid fuel boiler, liquid fuel boiler, or hydrochloric acid production furnace that is operating under the interim status standards of 35 Ill. Adm. Code 725 or 726 submits a RCRA permit application, the owner or operator may request that the Agency control emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the options provided by subsection (a)(2)(A), (a)(2)(B), or (a)(2)(C) of this Section.

c)         New Units.  A hazardous waste incinerator, cement kiln, lightweight aggregate kiln, solid fuel boiler, liquid fuel boiler, or hydrochloric acid production furnace unit that becomes subject to RCRA permit requirements must control emissions of toxic compounds during startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under either of the following options:

1)        It may comply with the requirements specified in 40 CFR 63.1206(c)(2), incorporated by reference in 35 Ill. Adm. Code 720.111(b); or

2)        It may request to include in the RCRA permit, conditions that ensure emissions of toxic compounds are minimized from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events, including releases from emergency safety vents, based on review of information, including the source's startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and design.  The Agency must specify that these permit conditions apply only when the facility is operating under its startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan.

BOARD NOTE:  Derived from 40 CFR 270.235 (2017).  Operating conditions used to determine effective treatment of hazardous waste remain effective after the owner or operator demonstrates compliance with the standards of subpart EEE of 40 CFR 63.

(Source:  Amended at 42 Ill. Reg. 20993, effective November 19, 2018)